{"id":1432852,"date":"2026-07-30T21:32:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T21:33:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:33:50","slug":"hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 (<em>libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression<\/em>) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (<em>libert\u00e9 fondamentale<\/em>) \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 (<em>Chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation<\/em>) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2025 \u06482026 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a (<em>licenciement disciplinaire<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2026 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>I. \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 : \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>A. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">L1121-1<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (<em>Code du travail<\/em>) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006900785\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Art. L1121-1<\/span><\/a> : &laquo;&nbsp;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (<em>principe de proportionnalit\u00e9<\/em>) \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">10<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (<em>Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l&rsquo;homme<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f &laquo;&nbsp;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 (<em>ing\u00e9rence<\/em>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">11<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">1789<\/span> (<em>D\u00e9claration des droits de l&rsquo;homme et du citoyen<\/em>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &laquo;&nbsp;\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 : \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">14<\/span> \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 <span dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69673de2cdc6046d473a24c5\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 14 janv. 2026, n\u00b0 24-19.583<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (<em>Publi\u00e9 au Bulletin<\/em>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a : &laquo;&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>B. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 : \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 <span dir=\"ltr\">14<\/span> \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 <span dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636. \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69673de2cdc6046d473a24c5\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 14 janv. 2026, n\u00b0 24-19.583<\/span><\/a>) \u0623\u0646\u0647 : &laquo;&nbsp;\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641&nbsp;&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 : \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (<em>teneur des propos litigieux<\/em>) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 (<em>contexte<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 (<em>port\u00e9e et impact au sein de l&rsquo;entreprise<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (<em>cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives caus\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;employeur<\/em>)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f (<em>n\u00e9cessaire et proportionn\u00e9e<\/em>)\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69673de4cdc6046d473a2519\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 14 janv. 2026, n\u00b0 23-19.947<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Rennes<\/span> \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">Airbus<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 &laquo;&nbsp;\u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627&nbsp;&raquo; \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646 &laquo;&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645&nbsp;&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69673d80cdc6046d473a0b91\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 14 janv. 2026, n\u00b0 24-17.416<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &laquo;&nbsp;\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629&nbsp;&raquo; \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">Capflow<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 (<em>faute grave<\/em>) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Lyon<\/span> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69673ddfcdc6046d473a2499\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 14 janv. 2026, n\u00b0 24-13.778<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (<em>auxiliaire de vie<\/em>) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 (<em>EHPAD<\/em>)\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a &laquo;&nbsp;\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649&nbsp;&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Rennes<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">3<\/span> \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 <span dir=\"ltr\">2025<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68b7e372d8ce8d4698ffd165\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 3 sept. 2025, n\u00b0 24-16.335<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 : \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a (<em>managing director<\/em>) \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">L1235-3-1<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036762026\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Art. L1235-3-1 du Code du travail<\/span><\/a>) \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627 (<em>nullit\u00e9 du licenciement<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 : \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">L1235-3<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Macron<\/span>. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647 (<em>r\u00e9int\u00e9gration<\/em>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (<em>licenciement sans cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse<\/em>). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>II. \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 : \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627<\/h2>\n<h3>A. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 (<em>abus<\/em>) \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 (<em>propos injurieux<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (<em>propos diffamatoires<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 (<em>propos excessifs<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a (<em>proc\u00e9dure disciplinaire<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (<em>convocation \u00e0 l&rsquo;entretien pr\u00e9alable<\/em>) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &laquo;&nbsp;<span dir=\"ltr\">Tex<\/span>&nbsp;&raquo;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a <span dir=\"ltr\">M. [S]<\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c <span dir=\"ltr\">Sony Pictures<\/span> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">20<\/span> \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\">2022<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/625fa33b8361df277dc5971a\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Cass. soc., 20 avr. 2022, n\u00b0 20-10.852<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 &laquo;&nbsp;\u0641\u0633\u062e \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631&nbsp;&raquo;\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639 &laquo;&nbsp;\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621&nbsp;&raquo;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &laquo;&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629&nbsp;&raquo;\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 &laquo;&nbsp;\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629&nbsp;&raquo; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Chamb\u00e9ry<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">20<\/span> \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 <span dir=\"ltr\">2025<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67b81b94a33e3a47f89ef462\"><span dir=\"ltr\">CA Chamb\u00e9ry, 20 f\u00e9v. 2025, n\u00b0 23\/00939<\/span><\/a>) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">1983<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 &laquo;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629&nbsp;&raquo; \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Douai<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">25<\/span> \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\">2025<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68199b3645063c42e3253854\"><span dir=\"ltr\">CA Douai, 25 avr. 2025, n\u00b0 23\/00520<\/span><\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 : &laquo;&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Versailles<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">7<\/span> \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 <span dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/695f4931cdc6046d47952a7e\"><span dir=\"ltr\">CA Versailles, 7 janv. 2026, n\u00b0 23\/03210<\/span><\/a>). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">Versailles<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a &laquo;&nbsp;\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &laquo;&nbsp;\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629&nbsp;&raquo;. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 <span dir=\"ltr\">Reims<\/span> \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <span dir=\"ltr\">12<\/span> \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 <span dir=\"ltr\">2025<\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6915bd235cc9fa7cae5f5c36\"><span dir=\"ltr\">CA Reims, 12 nov. 2025, n\u00b0 24\/01600<\/span><\/a>) \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636 &laquo;&nbsp;\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649&nbsp;&raquo;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>B. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 : \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 (<em>d\u00e9lai de prescription<\/em>). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (<em>Conseil de prud&rsquo;hommes<\/em>) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (<em>notification du licenciement<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\">L1471-1<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (<em>avocat en droit du travail<\/em>) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/avocats-droit-social-paris-licenciement-prudhommes-harcelement\/\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 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\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c : \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<section class=\"closing\" id=\"envoyer-pieces\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin:48px 0 36px;padding:48px 36px;text-align:center;direction:rtl;border-radius:24px;background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%,rgba(0,0,204,0.08) 0%,transparent 60%),rgba(255,255,255,0.72);border:1px solid rgba(10,10,10,0.08);\">\n<div class=\"closing-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\" style=\"font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,44px);line-height:1.18;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 18px;letter-spacing:-0.022em;color:#1B1B1B;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645. \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <span class=\"nowrap\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><span class=\"tag\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#0000CC;color:#fff;padding:2px 14px 5px;border-radius:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-0.005em;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,204,.10);\">\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-row\" style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;justify-content:center;margin:24px 0;\"><a class=\"cta cta-primary\" href=\"tel:+33689113445\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:14px 26px;background:#0000CC;color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,204,0.18);\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646: 06 89 11 34 45<\/a><a class=\"cta cta-secondary\" href=\"mailto:contact@kohenavocats.com?subject=\u0637\u0644\u0628%20\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629%20\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:14px 26px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);color:#1B1B1B;border:1px solid rgba(10,10,10,0.12);border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;\">\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"promises\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:14px;max-width:880px;margin:30px auto 12px;font-size:14px;color:#4A4A4A;font-weight:700;\">\n<div class=\"promise\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<div class=\"promise\">\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/div>\n<div class=\"promise\">\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/div>\n<div class=\"promise\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 (libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (libert\u00e9 fondamentale) \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070754,"featured_media":3917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[174132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1432852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ar-droit-du-travail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 (libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (libert\u00e9 fondamentale) \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-30T19:32:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-30T19:33:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/prateek-katyal-_YzGQvASeMk-unsplash.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"6000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"3460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kohenavocats.com\\\/ar\\\/hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kohenavocats.com\\\/ar\\\/hourriyat-at-taabir-fi-al-amal-faransa\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kohenavocats.com\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8286dc739ce677e10628910cf42fb01e\"},\"headline\":\"\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 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