{"id":620649,"date":"2026-04-20T10:34:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T08:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-nice-le-9-fevrier-2024-n24-00324\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T10:34:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T08:34:02","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-nice-le-9-fevrier-2024-n24-00324","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-nice-le-9-fevrier-2024-n24-00324\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Nice, le 9 f\u00e9vrier 2024, n\u00b024\/00324"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Nice, par jugement du 9 f\u00e9vrier 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 du fait des choses. Une r\u00e9sidente d’un immeuble a chut\u00e9 sur une rampe d’acc\u00e8s au garage. Elle assigne le gestionnaire de l’immeuble et son assureur en r\u00e9paration de son pr\u00e9judice corporel. La juridiction retient la responsabilit\u00e9 de plein droit du gardien et proc\u00e8de \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des chefs de pr\u00e9judice. Elle condamne les d\u00e9fendeurs in solidum \u00e0 indemniser la victime et la caisse primaire d’assurance maladie subrog\u00e9e dans ses droits.<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation du fait de la chose anormale<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’une anormalit\u00e9 pour les choses immobiles. Le r\u00e9gime de la responsabilit\u00e9 du fait des choses est d\u00e9fini par l’article 1242 alin\u00e9a 1er du code civil. Pour les choses par nature immobiles, la charge de la preuve p\u00e8se sur la victime. Elle doit d\u00e9montrer que la chose “a particip\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on incontestable et d\u00e9terminante \u00e0 la production du pr\u00e9judice” (Sur la responsabilit\u00e9). Elle doit en outre \u00e9tablir que cette chose a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’instrument du dommage “par une anormalit\u00e9 dans son fonctionnement, son \u00e9tat, sa fabrication, sa solidit\u00e9 ou sa position” (Sur la responsabilit\u00e9). Cette solution rappelle la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 du r\u00e9gime applicable aux immeubles. La victime ne peut se contenter de prouver l’intervention de la chose dans la r\u00e9alisation du dommage. Elle doit caract\u00e9riser une anormalit\u00e9 objective de cette chose, condition sine qua non de l’engagement de la responsabilit\u00e9 objective du gardien.<\/p>\n

La preuve rapport\u00e9e de l’anormalit\u00e9 de la rampe. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 de la chute et de ses cons\u00e9quences est \u00e9tablie par des certificats m\u00e9dicaux concordants. Concernant les circonstances, la d\u00e9claration de la victime est corrobor\u00e9e par plusieurs t\u00e9moignages et une photographie. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9montrent que la rampe “pr\u00e9sentait une d\u00e9clivit\u00e9 inadapt\u00e9e et une adh\u00e9rence d\u00e9faillante pour les usagers” (Sur les circonstances de la chute). La preuve de l’anormalit\u00e9 est renforc\u00e9e par un \u00e9l\u00e9ment significatif. Le gestionnaire a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 des travaux apr\u00e8s les faits pour pallier les d\u00e9fauts de la rampe. Cet acte “apporte du cr\u00e9dit aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments communiqu\u00e9s aux d\u00e9bats” (Sur les circonstances de la chute). La cour en d\u00e9duit que la rampe pr\u00e9sentait un \u00e9tat anormal, cause exclusive de la chute. Cette analyse consacre une approche pragmatique de la preuve. Les indices graves, pr\u00e9cis et concordants, y compris le comportement post-accident du gardien, permettent de caract\u00e9riser l’anormalit\u00e9 requise.<\/p>\n

Les principes directeurs de la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice corporel<\/p>\n

Le respect du principe de r\u00e9paration int\u00e9grale. Le jugement op\u00e8re une \u00e9valuation m\u00e9thodique des pr\u00e9judices de la victime. Il se fonde sur le rapport d’expertise m\u00e9dicale, qui “constitue une base valable d’\u00e9valuation du pr\u00e9judice corporel” (Sur le pr\u00e9judice corporel). L’indemnisation couvre l’ensemble des chefs de pr\u00e9judice, patrimoniaux et extra-patrimoniaux, temporaires et permanents. Pour chaque poste, la juridiction justifie le montant allou\u00e9 en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments du dossier. Elle applique strictement le principe selon lequel le recours subrogatoire des tiers payeurs “s’exerce poste par poste sur les seules indemnit\u00e9s qui r\u00e9parent des pr\u00e9judices qu’ils ont pris en charge” (Sur le pr\u00e9judice corporel). Ce d\u00e9coupage pr\u00e9cis garantit une r\u00e9paration exacte et \u00e9vite les doubles indemnisations. Il illustre la mise en \u0153uvre concr\u00e8te de la r\u00e9paration int\u00e9grale, qui vise \u00e0 replacer la victime dans la situation o\u00f9 elle se serait trouv\u00e9e sans le dommage.<\/p>\n

L’approche restrictive des d\u00e9penses indemnisables. La juridiction examine scrupuleusement chaque demande de remboursement de frais avanc\u00e9e par la victime. Elle admet les d\u00e9penses directement li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’accident et justifi\u00e9es, comme les frais d’hospitalisation ou l’aide humaine temporaire. En revanche, elle rejette les d\u00e9penses consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme personnelles ou non justifi\u00e9es m\u00e9dicalement. Ainsi, les frais de coiffeur “n\u2019ont pas de lien direct avec sa chute” (Pr\u00e9judices patrimoniaux temporaires). De m\u00eame, l’achat d’un fauteuil relax est rejet\u00e9 car “rien dans le rapport d\u2019expertise ne fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un besoin de cette nature” (Pr\u00e9judices patrimoniaux temporaires). Cette rigueur dans l’examen des preuves assure que seuls les pr\u00e9judices certains et directement imputables au fait dommageable sont r\u00e9par\u00e9s. Elle pr\u00e9serve l’\u00e9quilibre entre l’indemnisation compl\u00e8te de la victime et la protection du responsable contre des demandes excessives ou non fond\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Nice, par jugement du 9 f\u00e9vrier 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 du fait des choses. Une r\u00e9sidente d’un immeuble a chu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3895,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68f93224de0ebe408daa6b7d","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68f93224de0ebe408daa6b7d","_kj_judilibre_id":"68f93224de0ebe408daa6b7d","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Nice","_kj_chambre":"3\u00e8me Chambre civile","_kj_rg":"24\/00324","_kj_date":"2025-10-20","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-620649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Nice, le 9 f\u00e9vrier 2024, n\u00b024\/00324 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Nice, par jugement du 9 f\u00e9vrier 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 du fait des choses. 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