{"id":641806,"date":"2026-04-21T23:34:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T21:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-6-mai-2025-n24-00911\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T23:34:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T21:34:13","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-6-mai-2025-n24-00911","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-6-mai-2025-n24-00911\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 6 mai 2025, n\u00b024\/00911"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en date du 6 mai 2025, examine un litige entre deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de coiffure. L’ancien employeur reproche au nouvel employeur une concurrence d\u00e9loyale pour avoir embauch\u00e9 une salari\u00e9e li\u00e9e par une clause de non-concurrence. La juridiction confirme partiellement la condamnation pour pr\u00e9judice moral mais infirme l’indemnisation pour perte de chance. Elle pr\u00e9cise les conditions de la responsabilit\u00e9 du tiers complice et les interactions entre les juridictions prud’homale et commerciale.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 du nouvel employeur comme complice<\/p>\n

Les conditions de la faute d\u00e9lictuelle. La responsabilit\u00e9 de l’employeur pour complicit\u00e9 de la violation d’une obligation contractuelle de non-concurrence pesant sur le salari\u00e9 embauch\u00e9 par lui, qui constitue un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale, peut \u00eatre recherch\u00e9e sur le fondement de l’article 1382 du code civil, devenu 1240 du code civil. La solution de l’action est subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 la preuve de l’applicabilit\u00e9 de la clause, de sa violation et de la connaissance qu’en avait le nouvel employeur. La seule connaissance, par le tiers, de l’existence de la clause suffit \u00e0 engager sa responsabilit\u00e9 civile d\u00e9lictuelle, peu important le moment o\u00f9 cette connaissance intervient (Com. 5 f\u00e9vr. 1991, n\u00b0 88-18400, publi\u00e9 ; Com. 12 oct. 2010, n\u00b0 09-67407 ; Com. 16 f\u00e9vr. 2016, n\u00b0 13-27430). Cette connaissance peut \u00eatre pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e dans un secteur \u00e9troit o\u00f9 la clause est d’usage professionnel.<\/p>\n

La preuve et la pr\u00e9somption de connaissance en l’esp\u00e8ce. La charge de la preuve de la connaissance par le nouvel employeur de l’existence de la clause de non-concurrence dont la violation est all\u00e9gu\u00e9e p\u00e8se sur celui qui se pr\u00e9vaut de cette clause (Com., 18 d\u00e9c. 2001, n\u00b0 00-10.978, publi\u00e9). La cour retient que le g\u00e9rant du nouvel employeur, ancien salari\u00e9 du demandeur, ne pouvait ignorer la pratique d’insertion de telles clauses. L’insertion habituelle de clause de non-concurrence dans les contrats de travail dans ce secteur d’activit\u00e9 laisse pr\u00e9sumer la connaissance par le nouvel employeur de la clause. La n\u00e9gligence \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier la situation de la salari\u00e9e embauch\u00e9e constitue ainsi une faute caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L’articulation des comp\u00e9tences et la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice<\/p>\n

Le partage de comp\u00e9tence entre les ordres juridictionnels. La juridiction commerciale peut d\u00e8s lors \u00eatre saisie dans le cadre du litige de concurrence d\u00e9loyale d’un moyen de d\u00e9fense visant \u00e0 critiquer la clause de non-concurrence (Com., 20 mai 2003, n\u00b0 01-11.212). Toutefois, si la juridiction prud’homale est saisie de la contestation de la validit\u00e9 de la clause, le juge de l’action en concurrence d\u00e9loyale doit attendre le r\u00e9sultat de ce litige (Com., 8 avril 2008, n 07-11.821; Com. 14 mai 2013 n\u00b012-19.351). En l’esp\u00e8ce, un jugement prud’homal irr\u00e9vocable ayant valid\u00e9 la clause, le d\u00e9bat sur sa lic\u00e9it\u00e9 est clos devant la cour.<\/p>\n

La distinction et la caract\u00e9risation des pr\u00e9judices r\u00e9parables. Le pr\u00e9judice caus\u00e9 par le tiers complice de la violation d’une clause de non-concurrence est distinct de celui n\u00e9 de cette violation (Com. 3 juill. 1990, n\u00b0 89-15186). La cour \u00e9carte le pr\u00e9judice \u00e9conomique pour perte de chance, faute de preuve d’un lien causal avec la faute retenue. En revanche, elle retient un pr\u00e9judice moral. Il est jug\u00e9 qu’un pr\u00e9judice, f\u00fbt-il seulement moral, s’inf\u00e8re n\u00e9cessairement de la participation fautive \u00e0 la violation d’une clause de non-concurrence (Com., 22 mars 2023, n\u00b0 21-24.974). La condamnation au titre du pr\u00e9judice moral est donc confirm\u00e9e, distincte de l’indemnisation obtenue devant le conseil de prud’hommes.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle avec rigueur le r\u00e9gime de la complicit\u00e9 de violation d’une clause de non-concurrence. Elle souligne l’importance de la connaissance de la clause par le nouvel employeur, pouvant r\u00e9sulter d’une pr\u00e9somption li\u00e9e aux usages du secteur. Elle clarifie \u00e9galement l’articulation proc\u00e9durale d\u00e9licate entre les juridictions prud’homale et commerciale. Enfin, elle affirme le principe d’une r\u00e9paration automatique du pr\u00e9judice moral d\u00e9coulant de cette faute, tout en exigeant une preuve solide du pr\u00e9judice \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en date du 6 mai 2025, examine un litige entre deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de coiffure. L’ancien employeur reproche au nouvel employeur …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e897ee6d821fc8a3c655c8","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e897ee6d821fc8a3c655c8","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e897ee6d821fc8a3c655c8","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Douai","_kj_chambre":"CHAMBRE 2 SECTION 2","_kj_rg":"24\/00911","_kj_date":"2025-10-09","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-641806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 6 mai 2025, n\u00b024\/00911 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Paris, statuant en date du 6 mai 2025, examine un litige entre deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de coiffure. 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