{"id":654978,"date":"2026-04-23T04:18:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-10-juillet-2024-n23-12393\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T04:18:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:18:16","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-10-juillet-2024-n23-12393","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-10-juillet-2024-n23-12393\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 10 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/12393"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 10 juillet 2024, examine un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement bancaire \u00e0 deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s clientes. Ces derni\u00e8res contestent la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de plusieurs virements internationaux d’importants montants, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s par leur comptable via le syst\u00e8me d’authentification forte de la banque. La juridiction doit d\u00e9terminer si ces op\u00e9rations \u00e9taient autoris\u00e9es au sens du code mon\u00e9taire et financier. Elle doit aussi statuer sur la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle de la banque pour d\u00e9faut de vigilance. La cour infirme partiellement le premier jugement pour retenir une faute partag\u00e9e \u00e0 compter d’une date pr\u00e9cise.<\/p>\n

I. La preuve de l’autorisation des op\u00e9rations de paiement<\/p>\n

La qualification juridique des virements d\u00e9termine le r\u00e9gime de responsabilit\u00e9 applicable. La cour rappelle que l’utilisateur qui nie une op\u00e9ration oblige son prestataire \u00e0 en prouver l’authentification. “L’utilisation de l’instrument de paiement telle qu’enregistr\u00e9e par le prestataire de services de paiement ne suffit pas n\u00e9cessairement en tant que telle \u00e0 prouver que l’op\u00e9ration a \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e” (Article L. 133-23 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier). L’\u00e9tablissement bancaire d\u00e9montre ici l’usage des identifiants et du dispositif d’authentification forte. Les conventions stipulent que toute instruction \u00e9mise avec ces moyens est r\u00e9put\u00e9e \u00e9maner du client. “Les actions ou op\u00e9rations effectu\u00e9es dans le cadre du processus sont r\u00e9put\u00e9es \u00e9maner du souscripteur” (Conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales du contrat Safetrans). La banque apporte ainsi la preuve l\u00e9gale requise par l’article L. 133-23.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette solution est importante pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des transactions en ligne. Elle valide l’opposabilit\u00e9 des clauses contractuelles liant l’utilisation des identifiants \u00e0 la pr\u00e9somption d’autorisation. La cour \u00e9carte les arguments sur les plafonds et les habilitations en constatant leur conformit\u00e9. La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans l’application stricte du r\u00e9gime probatoire d\u00e9rogatoire du code mon\u00e9taire et financier. Les op\u00e9rations sont donc l\u00e9galement autoris\u00e9es, ce qui exclut le r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cial de responsabilit\u00e9 pour op\u00e9ration non autoris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

II. Le r\u00e9gime de responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle pour d\u00e9faut de vigilance<\/p>\n

L’exclusion du r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cial ouvre la voie \u00e0 l’application du droit commun des contrats. La cour rappelle que le devoir de non-ing\u00e9rence de la banque conna\u00eet une limite. “Le prestataire de services de paiement, tenu d’un devoir de non-immixtion dans les affaires de son client, n’a pas, en principe, \u00e0 s’ing\u00e9rer” (Cour de cassation, Chambre commerciale, 25 sept. 2019, n\u00b018-15.965). Ce devoir c\u00e8de face \u00e0 des anomalies apparentes dans le fonctionnement du compte. La conjonction de virements internationaux inhabituels, d’objets \u00e9trangers \u00e0 l’activit\u00e9 sociale et du retour de deux op\u00e9rations cr\u00e9e une telle anomalie. La banque avait donc l’obligation de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des v\u00e9rifications accrues.<\/p>\n

La cour estime que la banque a partiellement satisfait \u00e0 ce devoir par ses demandes de confirmation. Elle a cependant manqu\u00e9 de vigilance en ne relevant pas une anomalie apparente. “L’usage d’une fausse adresse \u00e9lectronique \u00e9tait apparent pour la banque d\u00e8s le 3 octobre 2019”. Ce manquement constitue une faute contractuelle \u00e0 compter de cette date. La solution op\u00e8re une conciliation entre le devoir de non-ing\u00e9rence et l’obligation de vigilance. Elle pr\u00e9cise que les v\u00e9rifications li\u00e9es \u00e0 la lutte contre le blanchiment sont sans effet sur cette obligation civile. “Les intim\u00e9es ne peuvent se pr\u00e9valoir des v\u00e9rifications op\u00e9r\u00e9es par le CIC afin de lutter contre le blanchiment” (Motifs de l’arr\u00eat). La responsabilit\u00e9 est finalement partag\u00e9e avec les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s clientes pour leur propre n\u00e9gligence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 10 juillet 2024, examine un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement bancaire \u00e0 deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s clientes. Ces derni\u00e8res contesten…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-654978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 10 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/12393 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Paris, statuant le 10 juillet 2024, examine un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement bancaire \u00e0 deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s clientes. 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