{"id":656624,"date":"2026-04-23T07:41:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-lyon-le-5-janvier-2024-n24-03607\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:41:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:41:54","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-lyon-le-5-janvier-2024-n24-03607","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-lyon-le-5-janvier-2024-n24-03607\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Lyon, le 5 janvier 2024, n\u00b024\/03607"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en audience publique, a rendu un jugement le 5 janvier 2024. L’affaire concernait le recouvrement d’un cr\u00e9dit renouvelable consenti en f\u00e9vrier 2022. L’organisme pr\u00eateur demandait la r\u00e9solution du contrat pour impay\u00e9s et le paiement du solde. L’emprunteur invoquait sa situation financi\u00e8re pour solliciter des d\u00e9lais. Le juge a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la demande recevable, constat\u00e9 la r\u00e9siliation du cr\u00e9dit et prononc\u00e9 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats. Il a condamn\u00e9 l’emprunteur au paiement du seul capital restant d\u00fb, rejetant sa demande de d\u00e9lais de paiement.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre effective de la clause r\u00e9solutoire<\/p>\n

La validit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9solution pour inex\u00e9cution a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par le juge. L’article 1224 du code civil offre plusieurs voies pour r\u00e9soudre un contrat. La clause contractuelle pr\u00e9voyait l’exigibilit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate apr\u00e8s mise en demeure en cas de d\u00e9faillance. Le pr\u00eateur a justifi\u00e9 d’impay\u00e9s et d’une mise en demeure par courrier du 12 juin 2023. L’emprunteur a reconnu \u00e0 l’audience ne pas avoir respect\u00e9 ses obligations de remboursement. Le juge a donc constat\u00e9 que la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme avait \u00e9t\u00e9 valablement prononc\u00e9e. La r\u00e9siliation prend effet \u00e0 la date de r\u00e9ception de la notification par le d\u00e9biteur. Cette application stricte s\u00e9curise les relations contractuelles pour le cr\u00e9ancier. Elle permet une r\u00e9solution extrajudiciaire sous le respect de conditions pr\u00e9cises. La d\u00e9cision rappelle l’importance d’une mise en demeure formelle et non \u00e9quivoque.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences patrimoniales de la r\u00e9siliation sont ensuite d\u00e9termin\u00e9es. La r\u00e9siliation met fin au contrat pour l’avenir selon l’article 1229 du code civil. Le pr\u00eateur peut alors exiger le remboursement imm\u00e9diat du capital restant d\u00fb. Les articles L.312-39 et D.312-19 du code de la consommation encadrent cette exigence. Ils autorisent le recouvrement du capital et le paiement d’une indemnit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale de huit pour cent. Le juge a toutefois r\u00e9duit cette indemnit\u00e9 \u00e0 cent cinquante euros en application de l’article 1231-5. Cette mod\u00e9ration s’appuie sur la date du cr\u00e9dit et le montant du capital emprunt\u00e9. Elle tient \u00e9galement compte de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats prononc\u00e9e. Le cr\u00e9ancier ne peut r\u00e9clamer que les sommes express\u00e9ment pr\u00e9vues par la loi. Cette interpr\u00e9tation restrictive prot\u00e8ge l’emprunteur en situation de d\u00e9faillance.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le renforc\u00e9 de l’obligation de v\u00e9rification de la solvabilit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le juge a prononc\u00e9 d’office la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats conventionnels. Cette sanction d\u00e9coule du manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de v\u00e9rification de la solvabilit\u00e9. L’article L.312-16 du code de la consommation impose cette v\u00e9rification pr\u00e9alable. Le pr\u00eateur doit s’appuyer sur un nombre suffisant d’informations. “En application de l\u2019article L.312-16 du code de la consommation, avant de conclure le contrat de cr\u00e9dit, le pr\u00eateur v\u00e9rifie la solvabilit\u00e9 de l’emprunteur \u00e0 partir d’un nombre suffisant d’informations, y compris des informations fournies par ce dernier \u00e0 la demande du pr\u00eateur.” (Sur la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats) Cette obligation est proactive et incombe enti\u00e8rement \u00e0 l’organisme de cr\u00e9dit. La jurisprudence du Tribunal judiciaire de Versailles rappelle cette exigence. “Cette obligation suppose une d\u00e9marche proactive du pr\u00eateur consistant \u00e0 demander, obtenir et analyser les justificatifs de l’emprunteur au titre de ses ressources et charges.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Versailles, le 25 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/00086) En l’esp\u00e8ce, le pr\u00eateur n’a produit aucun document attestant de cette v\u00e9rification. Le d\u00e9faut de preuve entra\u00eene automatiquement la sanction l\u00e9gale pr\u00e9vue.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette obligation est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 tous les cr\u00e9dits, quel que soit leur montant. L’article L312-17 pr\u00e9voit une fiche de solvabilit\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e par des justificatifs au-del\u00e0 d’un seuil. “Ces dispositions n\u2019excluent pas l\u2019obligation pour le pr\u00eateur de v\u00e9rifier, quel que soit le montant du cr\u00e9dit, la solvabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019emprunteur.” (Sur la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats) La charge de la preuve p\u00e8se sur l’organisme pr\u00eateur, conform\u00e9ment au droit commun. Le juge constate que la banque ne justifie d’aucun document \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance totale du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats est donc prononc\u00e9e sur ce fondement. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge les consommateurs contre l’octroi de cr\u00e9dits inconsid\u00e9r\u00e9s. Elle renforce la responsabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9tablissements financiers dans l’\u00e9valuation des risques. La sanction est s\u00e9v\u00e8re mais n\u00e9cessaire pour garantir l’effectivit\u00e9 de la protection.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des demandes de d\u00e9lais de paiement cl\u00f4t l’analyse du juge. L’article 1343-5 du code civil permet d’am\u00e9nager le paiement des sommes dues. Cet am\u00e9nagement n’est pas un droit et suppose la bonne foi du d\u00e9biteur. Il n\u00e9cessite \u00e9galement l’examen de sa situation \u00e9conomique et de ses facult\u00e9s contributives. L’emprunteur a indiqu\u00e9 percevoir environ mille cinq cents euros mensuels. Elle a aussi \u00e9voqu\u00e9 d’autres dettes et un projet de dossier de surendettement. L’absence de justificatifs et l’historique d’impay\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9terminants. Le juge a estim\u00e9 qu’elle n’\u00e9tait pas en mesure de respecter un \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier. Ce refus souligne le caract\u00e8re concret et exigeant de l’appr\u00e9ciation judiciaire. Il \u00e9vite la multiplication de d\u00e9cisions inappliqu\u00e9es et pr\u00e9serve les droits du cr\u00e9ancier. La situation de fort endettement rel\u00e8ve davantage des proc\u00e9dures collectives appropri\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en audience publique, a rendu un jugement le 5 janvier 2024. L’affaire concernait le recouvrement d’un cr\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dd6ff2548223b2c7ab14ce","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dd6ff2548223b2c7ab14ce","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dd6ff2548223b2c7ab14ce","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Lyon","_kj_chambre":"PPP P\u00d4LE CIRCUIT LONG S1","_kj_rg":"24\/03607","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Lyon, le 5 janvier 2024, n\u00b024\/03607 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en audience publique, a rendu un jugement le 5 janvier 2024. 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Un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit r\u00e9clamait le p...","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-qZQ7l1FLcgI-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-qZQ7l1FLcgI-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-qZQ7l1FLcgI-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-qZQ7l1FLcgI-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-qZQ7l1FLcgI-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-qZQ7l1FLcgI-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":306910,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-8-juillet-2025-n24-07187\/","url_meta":{"origin":656624,"position":4},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 8 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/07187","author":"Kohen","date":"6 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, statuant en mati\u00e8re de contentieux de la protection, a rendu un jugement le 8 juillet 2025. Il s\u2019agissait de statuer sur une action en paiement engag\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit contre un emprunteur d\u00e9faillant. Le juge a examin\u00e9 d\u2019office la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la proc\u00e9dure\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/luca-trassini-OhaRmr5mJYA-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/luca-trassini-OhaRmr5mJYA-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/luca-trassini-OhaRmr5mJYA-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/luca-trassini-OhaRmr5mJYA-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/luca-trassini-OhaRmr5mJYA-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/luca-trassini-OhaRmr5mJYA-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":717096,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-20-janvier-2026-n25-00194\/","url_meta":{"origin":656624,"position":5},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, le 20 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/00194","author":"Kohen","date":"28 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le tribunal de proximit\u00e9 de Gonesse a rendu un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire le 20 janvier 2026 dans un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement bancaire \u00e0 une empr...","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nathan-cima-Oo1B6DhVtBo-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nathan-cima-Oo1B6DhVtBo-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nathan-cima-Oo1B6DhVtBo-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nathan-cima-Oo1B6DhVtBo-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nathan-cima-Oo1B6DhVtBo-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nathan-cima-Oo1B6DhVtBo-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=656624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656624\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=656624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=656624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=656624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}