{"id":660847,"date":"2026-04-23T16:00:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T14:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-5-juin-2024-n23-00333\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T16:00:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T14:00:52","slug":"cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-5-juin-2024-n23-00333","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-5-juin-2024-n23-00333\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Colmar, le 5 juin 2024, n\u00b023\/00333"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Colmar, statuant le 5 juin 2024, a examin\u00e9 un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre un jugement du tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg. L’affaire concernait une action en responsabilit\u00e9 civile intent\u00e9e par un salari\u00e9 contre plusieurs de ses coll\u00e8gues et sup\u00e9rieurs hi\u00e9rarchiques. L’appelant contestait le rejet de ses demandes indemnitaires et la condamnation pour proc\u00e9dure abusive. La cour d’appel a infirm\u00e9 partiellement le jugement premi\u00e8re instance sur plusieurs points proc\u00e9duraux et substantiels.<\/p>\n

I. La clarification des conditions proc\u00e9durales de l’action successorale<\/p>\n

La cour a d’abord \u00e9cart\u00e9 les fins de non-recevoir soulev\u00e9es par les intim\u00e9s. Elle a jug\u00e9 recevable l’action intent\u00e9e par le fils au nom de sa m\u00e8re d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e. L’acte introductif d’instance avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9 avant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de la m\u00e8re, ce qui validait son int\u00e9r\u00eat et sa capacit\u00e9 initiale. Le fils a ensuite r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 sa situation en justifiant de sa qualit\u00e9 d’ayant droit. “Consid\u00e9rant que l’acte introductif d’instance a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9 au tribunal par [J] [V] avant son d\u00e9c\u00e8s, la capacit\u00e9 de celle-ci s’appr\u00e9ciant \u00e0 cette date ainsi que son int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir lequel est av\u00e9r\u00e9 puisqu’elle se pr\u00e9valait d’un pr\u00e9judice personnel” (Motifs, \u00a71). Cette solution rappelle que la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action s’appr\u00e9cie \u00e0 la date de son introduction. La reprise de l’instance par l’h\u00e9ritier est permise d\u00e8s lors qu’il justifie de sa qualit\u00e9 et que le d\u00e9funt avait un int\u00e9r\u00eat personnel \u00e0 agir. Cette analyse rejoint la jurisprudence qui distingue le pr\u00e9judice personnel de l’h\u00e9ritier de celui de la succession. “Un h\u00e9ritier ne peut agir sur ce fondement en invoquant un manquement contractuel commis envers son auteur qu’en r\u00e9paration d’un pr\u00e9judice qui lui est personnel” (Cass. Chambre commerciale financi\u00e8re et \u00e9conomique, le 15 juin 2022, n\u00b019-25.750). La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est de s\u00e9curiser la continuation des proc\u00e9dures engag\u00e9es par une personne d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, pourvu que les conditions de l’action successorale soient respect\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

II. Le rejet du fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 et la d\u00e9finition de la proc\u00e9dure abusive<\/p>\n

Sur le fond, la cour a rejet\u00e9 toutes les demandes indemnitaires de l’appelant pour d\u00e9faut de preuve de la faute. Elle a minutieusement analys\u00e9 chaque grief, relevant l’absence d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisants pour \u00e9tablir le caract\u00e8re mensonger des d\u00e9clarations incrimin\u00e9es. La simple divergence d’appr\u00e9ciation ou une omission ne constituent pas une faute au sens de l’article 1240 du code civil. “Le fait que les personnes dont la responsabilit\u00e9 est recherch\u00e9e par M. [C] n’aient pas parl\u00e9 de la tentative d’agression dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime par M. [W] ne caract\u00e9rise pas une d\u00e9claration mensong\u00e8re mais une omission” (Motifs, \u00a72.1). Cette exigence d’une d\u00e9monstration pr\u00e9cise prot\u00e8ge la libert\u00e9 d’expression dans le cadre d’enqu\u00eates internes. La cour a \u00e9galement infirm\u00e9 la condamnation pour proc\u00e9dure abusive prononc\u00e9e en premi\u00e8re instance. Elle a rappel\u00e9 les conditions strictes de cette sanction. “L’exercice d’une action en justice constitue en principe un droit et ne d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re en abus pouvant donner naissance \u00e0 une dette de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats que dans le cas de malice, de mauvaise foi, de l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 bl\u00e2mable ou d’erreur grossi\u00e8re \u00e9quipollente au dol” (Motifs, \u00a73.2). Le simple \u00e9chec de l’action, m\u00eame assorti de demandes indemnitaires \u00e9lev\u00e9es, ne suffit pas \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser un abus. Cette solution r\u00e9affirme le principe de libre acc\u00e8s au juge et encadre strictement les condamnations pour proc\u00e9dure abusive. Elle rejoint la philosophie protectrice d’autres branches du droit, comme le droit du travail concernant les lanceurs d’alerte. “Il en r\u00e9sulte qu’un salari\u00e9 ne peut \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9, licenci\u00e9 ou faire l’objet d’une mesure discriminatoire pour ce motif sauf mauvaise foi” (Cass. Chambre sociale, le 18 mars 2026, n\u00b024-10.993). La valeur de cet arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans son rappel des exigences probatoires en mati\u00e8re de responsabilit\u00e9 civile et de la protection fondamentale du droit d’agir en justice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Colmar, statuant le 5 juin 2024, a examin\u00e9 un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre un jugement du tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg. L’affaire concernait …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d770c00b088dc598555599","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d770c00b088dc598555599","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d770c00b088dc598555599","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Colmar","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 2 A","_kj_rg":"23\/00333","_kj_date":"2025-09-26","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-660847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Colmar, le 5 juin 2024, n\u00b023\/00333 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Colmar, statuant le 5 juin 2024, a examin\u00e9 un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre un jugement du tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg. 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