{"id":682795,"date":"2026-04-25T17:56:59","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:56:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-grenoble-le-12-septembre-2024-n24-00826\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T17:56:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:56:59","slug":"cour-dappel-de-grenoble-le-12-septembre-2024-n24-00826","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/cour-dappel-de-grenoble-le-12-septembre-2024-n24-00826\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Grenoble, le 12 septembre 2024, n\u00b024\/00826"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Grenoble, le 12 septembre 2024, statue sur un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 deux cautions personnes physiques. L’\u00e9tablissement poursuit le paiement d’un pr\u00eat consenti \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9faillante. Les cautions invoquent la forclusion de la cr\u00e9ance et la prescription de l’action. La cour rejette leurs moyens et confirme la condamnation.<\/p>\n

La qualification du d\u00e9lai applicable \u00e0 l’action<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte l’application de la prescription biennale protectrice des consommateurs. Elle rappelle le champ d’application strict de ce texte. “La prescription biennale pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article L.137-2 devenu L.218-2 du code de consommation s’applique en faveur des seuls consommateurs alors qu’en l’esp\u00e8ce, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Samiver n’est pas un consommateur.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Le d\u00e9lai de droit commun de cinq ans est donc retenu. Cette analyse pr\u00e9serve la coh\u00e9rence du syst\u00e8me des prescriptions sp\u00e9ciales. Elle \u00e9vite une extension injustifi\u00e9e des textes protecteurs \u00e0 des acteurs professionnels.<\/p>\n

Les effets interruptifs de la d\u00e9claration de cr\u00e9ance<\/p>\n

La cour pr\u00e9cise les effets de la d\u00e9claration dans une proc\u00e9dure collective sur la prescription contre la caution. Elle admet son pouvoir interruptif. “La d\u00e9claration de cr\u00e9ance au passif du d\u00e9biteur principal interrompt la prescription \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de la caution jusqu’\u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture de la proc\u00e9dure collective.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Un nouveau d\u00e9lai court ensuite \u00e0 compter de la cl\u00f4ture. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’action engag\u00e9e dans ce nouveau d\u00e9lai est recevable. Cette solution facilite le recours du cr\u00e9ancier contre la caution. Elle aligne les effets de la d\u00e9claration sur son objet de conservation des droits.<\/p>\n

La nature des exceptions opposables par la caution<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle le principe de l’accessoire et ses limites concernant les exceptions. Seules les exceptions inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 la dette sont opposables. “En application de l’article 2313 du code civil dans sa r\u00e9daction applicable au pr\u00e9sent litige, la caution peut seulement opposer au cr\u00e9ancier toutes les exceptions qui appartiennent au d\u00e9biteur principal et qui sont inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 la dette.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La forclusion pour d\u00e9faut de d\u00e9claration n’est pas une telle exception. Elle constitue une sanction proc\u00e9durale propre au cr\u00e9ancier. Cette distinction est essentielle pour le r\u00e9gime des garanties.<\/p>\n

L’inopposabilit\u00e9 de la forclusion du cr\u00e9ancier<\/p>\n

La cour refuse d’\u00e9tendre \u00e0 la caution les effets de la forclusion subie par le cr\u00e9ancier. Cette sanction personnelle ne profite pas au d\u00e9biteur accessoire. “Cette sanction ne constitue pas une exception inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la dette susceptible d’\u00eatre oppos\u00e9e par la caution.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La caution ne peut donc se pr\u00e9valoir d’un manquement proc\u00e9dural du cr\u00e9ancier. Son obligation demeure ind\u00e9pendante de la participation aux r\u00e9partitions. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge la force obligatoire du contrat de cautionnement. Elle isole les cons\u00e9quences de la proc\u00e9dure collective sur le seul cr\u00e9ancier d\u00e9faillant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Grenoble, le 12 septembre 2024, statue sur un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 deux cautions personnes physiques. L’\u00e9tablissem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9654,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ce39d63c51767c18cd59f3","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ce39d63c51767c18cd59f3","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ce39d63c51767c18cd59f3","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Grenoble","_kj_chambre":"Chambre Commerciale","_kj_rg":"24\/00826","_kj_date":"2025-09-18","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-682795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Grenoble, le 12 septembre 2024, n\u00b024\/00826 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Grenoble, le 12 septembre 2024, statue sur un litige opposant un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 deux cautions personnes physiques. 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