{"id":709968,"date":"2026-04-27T20:49:31","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T18:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/arret-c-128-24-du-2025-02-27\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T20:49:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T18:49:31","slug":"arret-c-128-24-du-2025-02-27","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/arret-c-128-24-du-2025-02-27\/","title":{"rendered":"Arr\u00eat C-128\/24 du 2025-02-27"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Par un arr\u00eat du 27 f\u00e9vrier 2025, la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, neuvi\u00e8me chambre, a statu\u00e9 sur un recours en manquement. La Commission europ\u00e9enne reprochait \u00e0 un \u00c9tat membre de ne pas avoir \u00e9labor\u00e9 de plan de planification de l’espace maritime dans le d\u00e9lai imparti. La proc\u00e9dure pr\u00e9contentieuse n’ayant pas abouti, la Commission a saisi la Cour. La question de droit \u00e9tait de savoir si les difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9limitation des fronti\u00e8res maritimes pouvaient justifier ce manquement. La Cour a r\u00e9pondu par la n\u00e9gative, constatant le manquement aux obligations de l’article 8 et de l’article 14 de la directive 2014\/89.<\/p>\n

L’absence de d\u00e9limitation des fronti\u00e8res maritimes ne constitue pas une cause exon\u00e9ratoire.<\/p>\n

La Cour rappelle que l’existence d’un manquement s’appr\u00e9cie \u00e0 la date d’expiration du d\u00e9lai fix\u00e9 dans l’avis motiv\u00e9. L’\u00c9tat membre n’a pas contest\u00e9 ne pas avoir \u00e9labor\u00e9 le plan \u00e0 cette date. Il invoque pour sa d\u00e9fense une impossibilit\u00e9 objective due aux n\u00e9gociations d’un accord bilat\u00e9ral sur les zones maritimes. La Cour \u00e9carte cet argument car l’\u00c9tat membre n’a pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ces n\u00e9gociations constituaient un cas de force majeure. Elle pr\u00e9cise que la force majeure exige des circonstances anormales et impr\u00e9visibles, ce qui n’est pas \u00e9tabli.<\/p>\n

La directive 2014\/89 ne subordonne pas ses obligations \u00e0 un accord de d\u00e9limitation maritime.<\/p>\n

La Cour affirme que les obligations d’\u00e9laborer et de communiquer les plans ne sauraient d\u00e9pendre de l’existence d’un tel accord. Elle souligne que l’article 2, paragraphe 4, de la directive ne porte pas atteinte aux droits souverains des \u00c9tats membres. Cependant, aucune disposition ne pr\u00e9voit de lien entre la d\u00e9limitation des eaux et l’\u00e9laboration des plans. La planification de l’espace maritime a un objet distinct, qui est l’organisation des activit\u00e9s humaines en mer.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cet arr\u00eat est de rappeler la force obligatoire des directives en mati\u00e8re environnementale.<\/p>\n

La valeur de la d\u00e9cision est de clarifier que les difficult\u00e9s internes, m\u00eame li\u00e9es \u00e0 des n\u00e9gociations internationales, ne sauraient suspendre l’application du droit de l’Union. La Cour insiste sur le fait que l’\u00c9tat membre conserve la facult\u00e9 de mettre \u00e0 jour ses plans ult\u00e9rieurement. L’arr\u00eat r\u00e9affirme qu’un \u00c9tat membre ne peut pas se pr\u00e9valoir de sa propre comp\u00e9tence nationale pour justifier un manquement. La solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence constante sur l’impossibilit\u00e9 d’invoquer des difficult\u00e9s internes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat du 27 f\u00e9vrier 2025, la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, neuvi\u00e8me chambre, a statu\u00e9 sur un recours en manquement. La Commission…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"curia","_kj_official_id":"ECLI:EU:C:2025:121","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/e-justice.europa.eu\/ecli?lang=fr&ecli=ECLI:EU:C:2025:121","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"CJUE","_kj_lieu":"Luxembourg","_kj_chambre":"Arr\u00eat","_kj_rg":"C-128\/24","_kj_date":"2025-02-27","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7594,7595],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-709968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cjue","category-droit-europeen"],"yoast_head":"\nArr\u00eat C-128\/24 du 2025-02-27 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par un arr\u00eat du 27 f\u00e9vrier 2025, la Cour de justice de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, neuvi\u00e8me chambre, a statu\u00e9 sur un recours en manquement. 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