{"id":794421,"date":"2026-05-01T03:16:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T01:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bobigny-le-11-decembre-2025-n25-07388\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T03:16:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T01:16:20","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-bobigny-le-11-decembre-2025-n25-07388","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bobigny-le-11-decembre-2025-n25-07388\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Bobigny, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b025\/07388"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal de proximit\u00e9 de Pantin, dans un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire rendu le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une demande en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 l’encontre d’un emprunteur d\u00e9faillant. Un pr\u00eat personnel de 14900 euros avait \u00e9t\u00e9 consenti le 31 janvier 2024, mais plusieurs \u00e9ch\u00e9ances impay\u00e9es ont conduit \u00e0 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme et \u00e0 l’assignation de l’emprunteur non comparant. La question de droit portait sur le respect du formalisme consum\u00e9riste et le montant des sommes dues, incluant une clause p\u00e9nale. Le juge a partiellement fait droit \u00e0 la demande, r\u00e9duisant significativement la clause p\u00e9nale \u00e0 un euro symbolique.<\/p>\n

I. La recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et le contr\u00f4le du formalisme informatif<\/p>\n

Le tribunal a d’abord v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action du pr\u00eateur au regard de la prescription biennale. Il rappelle que “les actions en paiement engag\u00e9 devant le tribunal \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la d\u00e9faillance de l\u2019emprunteur doivent \u00eatre form\u00e9es dans les deux ans de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement qui leur a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 peine de forclusion” (Motifs). En l’esp\u00e8ce, la demande a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e recevable, ce qui souligne la valeur protectrice de ce d\u00e9lai d’ordre public. Le sens de cette appr\u00e9ciation est de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des relations contractuelles tout en prot\u00e9geant l’emprunteur.<\/p>\n

Le juge a ensuite impos\u00e9 au cr\u00e9ancier de justifier du strict respect du formalisme informatif pr\u00e9vu par le Code de la consommation. Il exige la production de nombreux documents, comme l’original du contrat et l’historique des op\u00e9rations, pour s’assurer de la validit\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance. Cette position a une port\u00e9e pratique consid\u00e9rable, car elle place la charge de la preuve la plus rigoureuse sur l’\u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. Elle vise \u00e0 sanctionner tout manquement aux obligations d’information pr\u00e9contractuelle et contractuelle.<\/p>\n

II. La fixation de la cr\u00e9ance et le pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur du juge sur la clause p\u00e9nale<\/p>\n

Le tribunal a liquid\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ance au 18 f\u00e9vrier 2025 \u00e0 hauteur de 14175,52 euros, correspondant au capital restant d\u00fb, aux assurances et aux frais. Il a appliqu\u00e9 l’article L312.39 du Code de la consommation, qui autorise le pr\u00eateur \u00e0 exiger le remboursement imm\u00e9diat du capital avec int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard. Le sens de cette d\u00e9cision est de reconna\u00eetre le droit du cr\u00e9ancier au paiement de sa cr\u00e9ance principale, justifi\u00e9e par l’historique du pr\u00eat.<\/p>\n

Cependant, le juge a exerc\u00e9 son pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur en r\u00e9duisant la clause p\u00e9nale \u00e0 un euro, la jugeant “manifestement excessif” (Motifs). Il se fonde sur l’article 1231-5 du Code civil, qui permet au juge de diminuer une p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 disproportionn\u00e9e. La valeur de cette d\u00e9cision est de rappeler que les clauses p\u00e9nales ne doivent pas constituer une source d’enrichissement pour le cr\u00e9ancier. Sa port\u00e9e est dissuasive pour les \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit quant \u00e0 la fixation d’indemnit\u00e9s de r\u00e9siliation trop \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal de proximit\u00e9 de Pantin, dans un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire rendu le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une demande en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tab…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"697be18ccdc6046d472d113b","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/697be18ccdc6046d472d113b","_kj_judilibre_id":"697be18ccdc6046d472d113b","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Bobigny","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 26 \/ Proxi fond","_kj_rg":"25\/07388","_kj_date":"2025-12-11","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-794421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Bobigny, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b025\/07388 - 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Un pr\u00eat personnel d\u2019un montant de 11 500 euros, au taux fixe de 4,78 % sur 72\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/794421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=794421"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/794421\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=794421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=794421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=794421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}