{"id":627305,"date":"2026-04-20T21:49:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T19:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-metz-le-16-octobre-2025-n25-00262\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T21:49:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T19:49:40","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-metz-le-16-octobre-2025-n25-00262","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-metz-le-16-octobre-2025-n25-00262\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Metz, le 16 octobre 2025, n\u00b025\/00262"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Metz, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 16 octobre 2025, se prononce sur une demande en constat d’acquisition d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire et en expulsion pour impay\u00e9s locatifs. Les locataires avaient r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de leur dette avant la d\u00e9cision. Le juge d\u00e9clare la demande recevable et constate l’acquisition de la clause, mais en \u00e9carte les effets au regard du paiement int\u00e9gral intervenu. Il rejette donc les demandes d’expulsion et de condamnation au paiement des arri\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale des demandes<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie d’abord le strict respect des formalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 l’action en r\u00e9siliation. La signification du commandement de payer et sa notification aux autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes sont examin\u00e9es. “Le commandement de payer visant la clause r\u00e9solutoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 signifi\u00e9 aux locataires le 16 d\u00e9cembre 2024” (Motifs, Sur la recevabilit\u00e9). L’assignation a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 notifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l’autorit\u00e9 pr\u00e9fectorale dans les d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux. Cette v\u00e9rification minutieuse assure la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique de la proc\u00e9dure d’expulsion. Elle garantit que le bailleur a accompli toutes les \u00e9tapes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le locataire. La port\u00e9e de ce contr\u00f4le est essentielle pour la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action.<\/p>\n

L’analyse s’attache ensuite au d\u00e9lai d’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire. Le juge applique l’ancienne version de la loi, ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la r\u00e9forme de juillet 2023. “Toute clause pr\u00e9voyant la r\u00e9siliation de plein droit du contrat de location pour d\u00e9faut de paiement (…) ne produit effet que deux mois apr\u00e8s un commandement de payer demeur\u00e9 infructueux” (Motifs, Sur l’acquisition). Le d\u00e9faut de paiement dans ce d\u00e9lai est \u00e9tabli, permettant de constater l’acquisition de la clause \u00e0 une date certaine. Cette application du droit transitoire pr\u00e9cise le champ de la r\u00e9forme. La valeur de cette pr\u00e9cision r\u00e9side dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qu’elle apporte aux parties concern\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’effacement des cons\u00e9quences par le paiement int\u00e9gral<\/p>\n

Le raisonnement aborde ensuite les effets du paiement complet de la dette avant la d\u00e9cision. Le juge rel\u00e8ve que la loi pr\u00e9voit des d\u00e9lais de paiement suspendant la clause. “Le paiement int\u00e9gral de la dette avant la d\u00e9cision ne permet pas l\u2019octroi de d\u00e9lais de paiement suspendant les effets de la clause r\u00e9solutoire” (Motifs, Sur les d\u00e9lais). Toutefois, il estime qu’une interpr\u00e9tation stricte conduirait \u00e0 une iniquit\u00e9. Le sens de cette analyse est de rechercher l’esprit de la loi protectrice au-del\u00e0 de sa lettre. Elle vise \u00e0 \u00e9viter une situation absurde o\u00f9 un locataire partiellement payant serait mieux trait\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re donc une interpr\u00e9tation constructive pour r\u00e9tablir l’\u00e9quit\u00e9. “Il appartient au juge de restituer \u00e0 la loi le sens exact que le l\u00e9gislateur a voulu lui donner” (Motifs, Sur les d\u00e9lais). Puisque la dette est int\u00e9gralement r\u00e9gl\u00e9e, la clause est r\u00e9put\u00e9e ne pas avoir jou\u00e9. Cette solution privil\u00e9gie le maintien dans les lieux lorsque le trouble a cess\u00e9. Sa port\u00e9e est majeure en mati\u00e8re de droit au logement et de proportionnalit\u00e9 de la sanction. Elle consacre une forme de r\u00e9habilitation du locataire de bonne foi qui r\u00e8gle sa dette.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Metz, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 16 octobre 2025, se prononce sur une demande en constat d’acquisition d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire et en ex…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68f6a0b7f444f3ad06a5dcc7","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68f6a0b7f444f3ad06a5dcc7","_kj_judilibre_id":"68f6a0b7f444f3ad06a5dcc7","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Metz","_kj_chambre":"CH4 R\u00c9F\u00c9R\u00c9 JCP","_kj_rg":"25\/00262","_kj_date":"2025-10-16","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-627305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Metz, le 16 octobre 2025, n\u00b025\/00262 - 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