{"id":637005,"date":"2026-04-21T15:35:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-18-decembre-2024-n22-01906\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T15:35:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:35:05","slug":"cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-18-decembre-2024-n22-01906","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-18-decembre-2024-n22-01906\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Colmar, le 18 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b022\/01906"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La cour d’appel de Colmar, statuant le 18 d\u00e9cembre 2024, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un litige cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant un immeuble voisin d’une construction nouvelle. Le syndicat des copropri\u00e9taires du b\u00e2timent endommag\u00e9 a recherch\u00e9 la responsabilit\u00e9 du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire de l’immeuble adjacent. Ce dernier a form\u00e9 de multiples appels en garantie contre les diff\u00e9rents intervenants \u00e0 l’op\u00e9ration de construction et leurs assureurs. La juridiction d’appel a d\u00fb trancher des questions relatives \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire, \u00e0 la prescription des actions et \u00e0 la mise en jeu des garanties d’assurance.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 objective du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire pour vice de construction<\/p>\n

Le fondement l\u00e9gal de la responsabilit\u00e9 sans faute<\/p>\n

La cour a retenu la responsabilit\u00e9 du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire de l’immeuble d’origine des d\u00e9sordres sur le fondement de l’article 14 de la loi du 10 juillet 1965. Elle a \u00e9cart\u00e9 l’application du droit commun de la responsabilit\u00e9 pour faute. La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise que ce texte rend le syndicat “responsable, \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers, des dommages trouvant leur si\u00e8ge dans les parties communes et notamment des vices de la construction, m\u00eame ant\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la mise en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9” (Motifs, point 2). Ce r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cial instaure une responsabilit\u00e9 objective li\u00e9e \u00e0 la chose, ind\u00e9pendante de toute faute de gestion ou de n\u00e9gligence. L’expertise judiciaire a \u00e9tabli le lien de causalit\u00e9 entre la rampe d’acc\u00e8s, partie commune, et les d\u00e9sordres observ\u00e9s sur l’immeuble voisin. La cour en d\u00e9duit l’obligation de r\u00e9paration \u00e0 la charge du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire, propri\u00e9taire de l’ouvrage d\u00e9fectueux.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de ce r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cial d’indemnisation<\/p>\n

Cette solution consacre une interpr\u00e9tation large de la responsabilit\u00e9 du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire envers les tiers. Elle \u00e9carte toute distinction fond\u00e9e sur l’ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 du vice par rapport \u00e0 la constitution de la copropri\u00e9t\u00e9. La garantie couvre ainsi les d\u00e9fauts de construction inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 l’immeuble, m\u00eame lorsque le syndicat actuel n’est pas \u00e0 l’origine des travaux. Cette approche prot\u00e8ge efficacement les voisins en leur offrant un d\u00e9biteur solvable, le syndicat repr\u00e9sentant l’ensemble des copropri\u00e9taires. Elle simplifie \u00e9galement la proc\u00e9dure en \u00e9vitant de devoir rechercher une faute dans la gestion courante. Ce r\u00e9gime objectif aligne la responsabilit\u00e9 du syndicat sur celle des constructeurs, mais sur un fondement l\u00e9gal distinct et sans b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des m\u00eames d\u00e9lais de prescription.<\/p>\n

La complexit\u00e9 des d\u00e9lais de prescription dans les actions r\u00e9cursoires<\/p>\n

La prescription de l’action directe contre l’assureur du constructeur<\/p>\n

Un point crucial a concern\u00e9 la prescription de l’appel en garantie dirig\u00e9 contre l’assureur de l’entreprise de travaux. Le syndicat copropri\u00e9taire garant avait assign\u00e9 cet assureur plus de dix ans apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9ception des ouvrages. La cour a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 cette action irrecevable. Elle rappelle que “le d\u00e9lai pour agir contre l’assureur de responsabilit\u00e9, quel qu’en soit le fondement, est le m\u00eame que celui applicable \u00e0 l’assur\u00e9” (Motifs, point 3-5). Cette action \u00e9tant soumise au d\u00e9lai d\u00e9cennal de l’article 1792-4-3 du code civil, elle \u00e9tait prescrite. La cour rejette l’argument tir\u00e9 de l’effet interruptif d’une assignation par un autre intervenant. Elle pr\u00e9cise que cette assignation “n’a d’effet interruptif qu’\u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de cette derni\u00e8re” (Motifs, point 3-5). Cette solution prot\u00e8ge l’assureur de recours tardifs et assure une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique.<\/p>\n

L’effet interruptif limit\u00e9 des assignations entre cod\u00e9biteurs<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision d\u00e9limite strictement les effets interruptifs de prescription des actions en garantie. L’assignation d\u00e9livr\u00e9e par un constructeur \u00e0 l’assureur d’un autre constructeur pour les besoins d’une expertise n’interrompt pas la prescription pour le syndicat copropri\u00e9taire. Chaque cr\u00e9ancier doit exercer son propre recours dans les d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux. Cette analyse isole les relations juridiques et emp\u00eache qu’une action proc\u00e9durale d’un tiers profite \u00e0 un autre. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence constante sur le caract\u00e8re personnel de l’interruption de prescription. Cette rigueur proc\u00e9durale oblige les parties l\u00e9s\u00e9es \u00e0 diligenter leurs recours en temps utile. Elle \u00e9vite \u00e9galement la prolongation ind\u00e9finie des litiges en cascade dans le secteur de la construction, o\u00f9 les d\u00e9lais d\u00e9cennaux sont fondamentaux.<\/p>\n

La mise en jeu des garanties d’assurance responsabilit\u00e9 civile<\/p>\n

La mobilisation de la garantie du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire<\/p>\n

La cour a accueilli la demande de garantie contre l’assureur en responsabilit\u00e9 civile du syndicat copropri\u00e9taire condamn\u00e9. Elle \u00e9carte les exclusions invoqu\u00e9es par l’assureur concernant les dommages relevant de la garantie d\u00e9cennale. La d\u00e9cision motive que “la responsabilit\u00e9 des constructeurs […] ne peut \u00eatre recherch\u00e9e sur le fondement des articles 1792 et suivants du code civil” (Motifs, point 3-1) puisque le dommage affecte un immeuble tiers. La responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9tant retenue sur le fondement de la loi de 1965, la garantie standard du contrat “responsabilit\u00e9 civile copropri\u00e9taire” joue. Les dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats allou\u00e9s “r\u00e9parent un dommage mat\u00e9riel” (Motifs, point 3-1) couvert par les conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. Cette interpr\u00e9tation \u00e9tend la couverture des assureurs RC aux cons\u00e9quences p\u00e9cuniaires de la responsabilit\u00e9 objective des syndicats.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination de la garantie applicable pour le promoteur<\/p>\n

Concernant l’assureur du promoteur, la cour retient la mise en jeu de la garantie pour dommages aux avoisinants. Elle interpr\u00e8te les clauses du contrat en faveur de la couverture. La garantie est due car “le fait g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur soit ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la r\u00e9ception des travaux, ce qui est le cas en l’esp\u00e8ce” (Motifs, point 5-1). La cour rejette l’argument de l’assureur qui ajoutait une condition non pr\u00e9vue, exigeant que le dommage soit aussi manifeste avant la r\u00e9ception. Elle valide ainsi l’application de la garantie d\u00e8s lors que l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement causal est ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la r\u00e9ception, m\u00eame si ses effets se prolongent. Cette lecture assure une protection coh\u00e9rente pour le promoteur, align\u00e9e sur la chronologie des faits. Elle s\u00e9curise son activit\u00e9 en permettant la couverture de d\u00e9sordres apparus ou aggrav\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la remise des cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Colmar, statuant le 18 d\u00e9cembre 2024, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un litige cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant un immeuble voisin d’une construction …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e9e9e5bb2ead0a581fb05a","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e9e9e5bb2ead0a581fb05a","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e9e9e5bb2ead0a581fb05a","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Colmar","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 2 A","_kj_rg":"22\/01906","_kj_date":"2025-10-10","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-637005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Colmar, le 18 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b022\/01906 - 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