{"id":637042,"date":"2026-04-21T15:42:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-10-octobre-2025-n23-13416\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T15:42:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:42:18","slug":"cour-dappel-le-10-octobre-2025-n23-13416","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-le-10-octobre-2025-n23-13416\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 10 octobre 2025, n\u00b023\/13416"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cour d’appel de Paris, 26 juin 2025. Une promesse unilat\u00e9rale de vente immobili\u00e8re assortie d’une indemnit\u00e9 d’immobilisation fut conclue. Le tribunal judiciaire avait d\u00e9bout\u00e9 les promettants de leur demande en paiement de cette indemnit\u00e9. La cour d’appel statue sur la caducit\u00e9 de l’acte et le sort de l’indemnit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Interpr\u00e9tation des conditions suspensives et renonciation<\/p>\n

La cour examine d’abord l’objet de la condition suspensive litigieuse. La promesse stipulait distinctement l’obtention d’un courrier pr\u00e9fectoral confirmant l’absence d’installation class\u00e9e. Les juges estiment que cette clause est claire et pr\u00e9cise, excluant toute interpr\u00e9tation. “Une clause n’est claire et pr\u00e9cise que si elle n’est susceptible que d’un seul sens” (Motifs). L’objet de la condition est bien l’obtention du courrier, et non l’information sous-jacente. La consultation de bases de donn\u00e9es, bien qu’effectu\u00e9e, ne suffit pas \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser la condition ainsi libell\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La cour se penche ensuite sur la renonciation \u00e0 cette condition. Un avenant avait act\u00e9 la renonciation \u00e0 une autre condition relative \u00e0 la pollution des sols. Cette renonciation expresse ne vaut pas pour la condition distincte du courrier. Cependant, la promesse pr\u00e9voyait une clause sp\u00e9cifique. “A d\u00e9faut par le BENEFICIAIRE de se pr\u00e9valoir de la non r\u00e9alisation de l’une ou l’autre des conditions suspensives (…) dans le d\u00e9lai de r\u00e9alisation des pr\u00e9sentes (…) il sera r\u00e9put\u00e9 y avoir renonc\u00e9” (Motifs). La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire n’ayant invoqu\u00e9 la d\u00e9faillance qu’apr\u00e8s l’expiration du d\u00e9lai, elle est r\u00e9put\u00e9e y avoir renonc\u00e9. La renonciation n’est pas soumise \u00e0 des formes particuli\u00e8res et peut \u00eatre conventionnellement encadr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Exigences contractuelles et bonne foi dans l’ex\u00e9cution<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte ensuite l’argument tir\u00e9 du d\u00e9faut de diagnostic amiante. Elle rappelle que seules les clauses list\u00e9es aux pages de la promesse constituent des conditions suspensives. La r\u00e9alisation d’un diagnostic amiante n’en faisait pas partie. La r\u00e9glementation impose au vendeur de fournir un \u00e9tat relatif \u00e0 l’amiante, mais la sanction est limit\u00e9e. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire, professionnelle, avait dispens\u00e9 les vendeurs de cette obligation. Elle ne peut subordonner la vente \u00e0 cette v\u00e9rification non \u00e9rig\u00e9e en condition.<\/p>\n

Enfin, la cour analyse le comportement des parties au regard de l’exigence de bonne foi. Elle constate que les promettants ont accept\u00e9 des baisses de prix successives et une longue immobilisation. \u00c0 l’inverse, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire a, \u00e0 la veille du terme, sollicit\u00e9 une nouvelle prorogation et une baisse de prix pour des raisons \u00e9conomiques. Ce comportement est contraire \u00e0 la loyaut\u00e9 contractuelle. Il a caus\u00e9 un pr\u00e9judice moral aux promettants, justifiant l’allocation de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats. L’absence de conclusion de la vente n’\u00e9tant pas imputable aux promettants, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire ne peut obtenir r\u00e9paration de ses frais.<\/p>\n

La cour infirme donc le jugement pour condamner la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire au paiement de l’indemnit\u00e9 d’immobilisation. Elle statue \u00e0 nouveau pour allouer des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats aux promettants et rejette les demandes indemnitaires de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire. Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle la force des clauses claires et pr\u00e9cises, que le juge ne peut interpr\u00e9ter. Elle valide aussi les m\u00e9canismes contractuels de renonciation implicite aux conditions suspensives. Enfin, elle sanctionne les comportements d\u00e9loyaux dans les pourparlers prolong\u00e9s, prot\u00e9geant la partie qui a consenti des efforts disproportionn\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel de Paris, 26 juin 2025. Une promesse unilat\u00e9rale de vente immobili\u00e8re assortie d’une indemnit\u00e9 d’immobilisation fut conclue. Le tribunal judicia…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e9e488154299c7318fb3be","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e9e488154299c7318fb3be","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e9e488154299c7318fb3be","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 4 - Chambre 1","_kj_rg":"23\/13416","_kj_date":"2025-10-10","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-637042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 10 octobre 2025, n\u00b023\/13416 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cour d'appel de Paris, 26 juin 2025. 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