{"id":642954,"date":"2026-04-22T02:29:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T00:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-8-octobre-2025-n22-04514\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T02:29:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T00:29:52","slug":"cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-8-octobre-2025-n22-04514","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-8-octobre-2025-n22-04514\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Montpellier, le 8 octobre 2025, n\u00b022\/04514"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel de Montpellier, dans un arr\u00eat du 8 octobre 2025, statue sur une demande d’indemnisation cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 un accident de la circulation. Un pi\u00e9ton, victime d’un choc avec un v\u00e9hicule, assigne l’assureur du conducteur et sa mutuelle pour la r\u00e9paration de son pr\u00e9judice corporel. L’assureur oppose l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de la demande au motif que l’organisme social comp\u00e9tent n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9 en cause. Le tribunal judiciaire, saisi en premier ressort, ordonne la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats pour r\u00e9gulariser la proc\u00e9dure. La solution retenue souligne l’importance du strict respect des formalit\u00e9s impos\u00e9es par l’article L. 376-1 du code de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale pour la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action.<\/p>\n

L’obligation proc\u00e9durale de l’appel en cause de l’organisme social<\/p>\n

Le formalisme impos\u00e9 par l’article L. 376-1 du code de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale constitue une condition substantielle de la proc\u00e9dure d’indemnisation. Le texte pr\u00e9voit que l’assur\u00e9 social doit indiquer la qualit\u00e9 de la victime et appeler en cause les caisses de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale comp\u00e9tentes. Le tribunal constate que cette obligation n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 respect\u00e9e en l’esp\u00e8ce, malgr\u00e9 la mise en cause d’une mutuelle. Il rel\u00e8ve que “au regard du d\u00e9compte de la Caisse Primaire d’Assurance Maladie de l’H\u00e9rault produit par la d\u00e9fenderesse, il appara\u00eet que [la victime] n’a pas appel\u00e9 dans la cause son organisme social \u00e0 la date de l\u2019accident” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette disposition l\u00e9gale est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re imp\u00e9rative par le juge, qui en fait une condition de validit\u00e9 de la proc\u00e9dure. La port\u00e9e de cette exigence est renforc\u00e9e par la sanction de nullit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vue par le texte en cas de manquement. Cette jurisprudence rappelle ainsi le caract\u00e8re d’ordre public de la r\u00e8gle, qui vise \u00e0 garantir les droits de recours des organismes sociaux.<\/p>\n

La sanction du d\u00e9faut d’appel en cause : la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 ce manquement proc\u00e9dural, le tribunal ordonne une mesure corrective plut\u00f4t que l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 pure et simple. Il d\u00e9cide de la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats pour permettre \u00e0 la victime de r\u00e9gulariser sa situation. Le jugement pr\u00e9cise qu’il “y a lieu d\u2019ordonner la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats, afin que ce dernier appelle dans la cause la Caisse Primaire d\u2019Assurance Maladie de l\u2019H\u00e9rault” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette solution pragmatique permet de sauvegarder le droit \u00e0 indemnisation de la victime tout en respectant les pr\u00e9rogatives de l’organisme payeur. Elle s’inscrit en coh\u00e9rence avec une jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure qui privil\u00e9gie la r\u00e9gularisation proc\u00e9durale. Un tribunal judiciaire avait ainsi d\u00e9j\u00e0 jug\u00e9 qu’il y avait lieu “d\u2019ordonner la r\u00e9vocation de l\u2019ordonnance de cl\u00f4ture et la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats” en cas d’incertitude sur l’organisme social concern\u00e9 (Tribunal judiciaire de Tours, le 21 janvier 2025, n\u00b022\/04525). La d\u00e9cision comment\u00e9e confirme cette approche et en pr\u00e9cise le cadre.<\/p>\n

L’incidence sur la sanction du doublement des int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularisation proc\u00e9durale n\u00e9cessaire reporte l’examen du fond, notamment la demande de doublement des int\u00e9r\u00eats. La victime soutenait que l’offre de l’assureur \u00e9tait manifestement insuffisante et justifiait cette sanction pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article L. 211-13 du code des assurances. Le tribunal ne statue pas sur ce point, renvoyant son appr\u00e9ciation apr\u00e8s l’appel en cause de la caisse. Cette question devra \u00eatre r\u00e9examin\u00e9e \u00e0 l’aune de l’offre d\u00e9finitive, qui devra int\u00e9grer la cr\u00e9ance de l’organisme social. Une jurisprudence rappelle en effet que “l’offre de l’assureur lorsque celle-ci est simplement jug\u00e9e tardive, ce qui suppose qu’elle inclut tous les chefs de demandes et notamment qu’elle constitue une offre d\u00e9taill\u00e9e mentionnant les cr\u00e9ances des organismes sociaux” (Cour d’appel de Bordeaux, le 1 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/02899). La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision est donc de subordonner l’examen de la sanction p\u00e9cuniaire au respect pr\u00e9alable des r\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dure sociale. Elle souligne l’interd\u00e9pendance entre la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l’offre et la recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande principale.<\/p>\n

La cons\u00e9quence sur la liquidation du pr\u00e9judice corporel<\/p>\n

L’ordonnance de r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats suspend \u00e9galement la liquidation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des chefs de pr\u00e9judice. Le tribunal ne se prononce pas sur le quantum des diff\u00e9rents postes de dommages r\u00e9clam\u00e9s par la victime. Il renvoie l’ensemble de la liquidation \u00e0 une phase ult\u00e9rieure, apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9gularisation de la proc\u00e9dure. La d\u00e9cision indique que la r\u00e9ouverture vise \u00e0 ce que “les parties concluent \u00e0 nouveau, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, au regard du d\u00e9compte d\u00e9finitif des d\u00e9bours” (Par ces motifs). Cette suspension est logique car le d\u00e9compte de l’organisme social affecte directement l’\u00e9valuation des d\u00e9penses de sant\u00e9 actuelles. La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans le rappel que la r\u00e9paration int\u00e9grale du pr\u00e9judice ne peut intervenir qu’apr\u00e8s la consolidation des int\u00e9r\u00eats de tous les intervenants. Elle affirme la primaut\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dure collective sur l’examen individuel des chefs de pr\u00e9judice, garantissant ainsi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des d\u00e9bats.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Montpellier, dans un arr\u00eat du 8 octobre 2025, statue sur une demande d’indemnisation cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 un accident de la circulation. 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Un entrepreneur principal, impay\u00e9, avait assign\u00e9 le ma\u00eetre de l\u2019ouvrage en paiement, puis appel\u00e9 ses sous-traitants et leurs assureurs \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nicole-herrero-ykxJs2HEb_w-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nicole-herrero-ykxJs2HEb_w-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nicole-herrero-ykxJs2HEb_w-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nicole-herrero-ykxJs2HEb_w-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nicole-herrero-ykxJs2HEb_w-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nicole-herrero-ykxJs2HEb_w-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=642954"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642954\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=642954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=642954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=642954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}