{"id":643287,"date":"2026-04-22T03:05:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T01:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-15-juillet-2025-n25-06227\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T03:05:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T01:05:43","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-15-juillet-2025-n25-06227","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-15-juillet-2025-n25-06227\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 15 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/06227"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 15 juillet 2025, se prononce sur le sort d’une ancienne avocate en cessation d’activit\u00e9. La requ\u00e9rante sollicitait la liquidation judiciaire de son seul patrimoine professionnel. La juridiction d’appel, saisie d’une intervention volontaire, r\u00e9forme le jugement et ordonne la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats. Elle estime n\u00e9cessaire d’appr\u00e9cier la cessation des paiements sur la base du patrimoine global de la d\u00e9biteure, ses deux masses patrimoniales \u00e9tant d\u00e9sormais r\u00e9unies.<\/p>\n

L’intervention contr\u00f4l\u00e9e de l’ordre professionnel<\/p>\n

Une recevabilit\u00e9 reconnue par la loi<\/em>
\nL’ordre des avocats justifie son intervention par son r\u00f4le de contr\u00f4leur dans les proc\u00e9dures collectives. Il invoque l’exercice pass\u00e9 de la profession par la requ\u00e9rante et son passif d’origine professionnelle. La cour d\u00e9clare cette intervention volontaire recevable en application d’un texte pr\u00e9cis. “Selon l’article L.621-1 du code de commerce, lors de l’ouverture de la proc\u00e9dure, lorsque le d\u00e9biteur exerce une profession lib\u00e9rale soumis \u00e0 un statut l\u00e9gislatif ou r\u00e9glementaire ou dont le titre est prot\u00e9g\u00e9, le tribunal statue apr\u00e8s avoir entendu ou d\u00fbment appel\u00e9, dans les m\u00eames conditions, l’ordre professionnel ou l’autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente dont il rel\u00e8ve.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision) Cette solution confirme la place particuli\u00e8re des ordres professionnels. Elle garantit leur audition syst\u00e9matique dans les proc\u00e9dures concernant leurs membres, m\u00eame anciens, pr\u00e9servant ainsi l’effectivit\u00e9 du contr\u00f4le d\u00e9ontologique.<\/p>\n

Une port\u00e9e proc\u00e9durale assur\u00e9e<\/em>
\nLa juridiction valide ainsi l’int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime de l’ordre \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l’instance. Elle rappelle que le statut de la profession impose cette consultation pr\u00e9alable. Cette reconnaissance \u00e9tend le cercle des intervenants potentiels dans une proc\u00e9dure collective. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure admettant l’intervention des organes de proc\u00e9dure collective. “Les organes de la proc\u00e9dure collective ouverte \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de la S.C.I. MONDORIVOLI et de la S.A.S. HILDITCH ET KEY ont un int\u00e9r\u00eat manifeste \u00e0 intervenir dans la pr\u00e9sente proc\u00e9dure.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 12 mars 2025, n\u00b019\/04952) L’ordre professionnel devient ainsi un acteur incontournable du d\u00e9bat, renfor\u00e7ant la coll\u00e9gialit\u00e9 de l’instruction.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9union patrimoniale et ses cons\u00e9quences<\/p>\n

Le principe de la fusion des patrimoines<\/em>
\nLa requ\u00e9rante invoquait la scission entre son patrimoine personnel et professionnel. Elle soutenait que son passif professionnel devait \u00eatre trait\u00e9 isol\u00e9ment. La cour \u00e9carte cet argument au regard de la cessation d’activit\u00e9. Elle applique strictement les dispositions l\u00e9gales r\u00e9gissant le sort des patrimoines en cas de fin d’entreprise. “Il r\u00e9sulte de l’article L. 526-22 du code de commerce, que dans le cas o\u00f9 un entrepreneur individuel cesse toute activit\u00e9 professionnelle ind\u00e9pendante, le patrimoine professionnel et le patrimoine personnel sont r\u00e9unis.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision) Cette application litt\u00e9rale consacre l’effet imm\u00e9diat de la r\u00e9union patrimoniale. Elle met fin \u00e0 l’autonomie du patrimoine professionnel d\u00e8s l’arr\u00eat de l’activit\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la lettre du texte.<\/p>\n

Une refonte de l’appr\u00e9ciation de la cessation des paiements<\/em>
\nLa cour en d\u00e9duit la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une appr\u00e9ciation globale de la situation financi\u00e8re. Elle estime que le tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance a commis une erreur de droit. L’analyse doit d\u00e9sormais porter sur l’ensemble de l’actif disponible et du passif exigible. “En cons\u00e9quence, pour appr\u00e9cier l’impossibilit\u00e9 pour Mme [N] de faire face \u00e0 son passif exigible avec son actif disponible, il convient qu’elle fournisse \u00e0 la cour la totalit\u00e9 de l’actif disponible et du passif exigible de ses 2 patrimoines r\u00e9unis.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision) Cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9oriente fondamentalement le r\u00e9gime de la preuve. Elle impose \u00e0 la d\u00e9biteure de produire une documentation financi\u00e8re exhaustive, fusionnant ses deux sph\u00e8res patrimoniales pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment distinctes.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cet arr\u00eat est consid\u00e9rable pour les entrepreneurs individuels. Il rappelle avec force le caract\u00e8re temporaire de la scission patrimoniale. La r\u00e9union des masses actives et passives devient automatique \u00e0 la cessation d’activit\u00e9. Cette solution impacte directement le choix de la proc\u00e9dure collective applicable. Elle \u00e9carte la possibilit\u00e9 d’une liquidation limit\u00e9e au seul patrimoine professionnel dans ce cas. L’arr\u00eat harmonise ainsi le droit des proc\u00e9dures collectives avec le r\u00e9gime de l’entrepreneur individuel. Il pr\u00e9vient tout risque de dissipation d’actifs personnels au d\u00e9triment des cr\u00e9anciers professionnels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 15 juillet 2025, se prononce sur le sort d’une ancienne avocate en cessation d’activit\u00e9. 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