{"id":649881,"date":"2026-04-22T17:22:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:22:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-nazaire-le-5-juin-2025-n24-01556\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T17:22:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:22:36","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-nazaire-le-5-juin-2025-n24-01556","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-nazaire-le-5-juin-2025-n24-01556\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Nazaire, le 5 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/01556"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution du tribunal judiciaire de Mulhouse, statuant le 5 juin 2025, examine une contestation de saisie-attribution. Un cr\u00e9ancier, titulaire d’un jugement d\u00e9finitif, a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une saisie sur les comptes bancaires d’un d\u00e9biteur. Ce dernier, pr\u00e9alablement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 recevable \u00e0 une proc\u00e9dure de surendettement, conteste le calcul des int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires inclus dans la cr\u00e9ance saisie. La juridiction doit d\u00e9terminer l’impact du moratoire d\u00e9cid\u00e9 par la commission de surendettement sur la production de ces int\u00e9r\u00eats et v\u00e9rifier leur prescription \u00e9ventuelle. Le juge cantonne finalement la saisie \u00e0 une somme inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle r\u00e9clam\u00e9e, en excluant les int\u00e9r\u00eats prescrits.<\/p>\n

La coexistence des proc\u00e9dures civiles et de surendettement<\/p>\n

L’effet suspensif du moratoire sur l’exigibilit\u00e9. Le jugement rappelle que l’ouverture d’une proc\u00e9dure de surendettement affecte le cours des int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard. Il constate que le d\u00e9biteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 recevable le 12 mai 2015 et qu’un moratoire de 24 mois a \u00e9t\u00e9 notifi\u00e9 le 27 ao\u00fbt suivant. Toutefois, le cr\u00e9ancier avait pr\u00e9alablement obtenu un titre ex\u00e9cutoire le 26 octobre 2015. La d\u00e9cision estime que ce titre, d\u00e9sormais d\u00e9finitif, fixe irr\u00e9vocablement la cr\u00e9ance et ses accessoires. L’ex\u00e9cution du jugement \u00e9tait seulement diff\u00e9r\u00e9e pendant la dur\u00e9e du plan. Le sens de cette analyse est de pr\u00e9server l’autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e face aux mesures de la commission. La valeur r\u00e9side dans la primaut\u00e9 reconnue \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision juridictionnelle d\u00e9finitive. La port\u00e9e est importante pour les cr\u00e9anciers titulaires d’un tel titre, qui peuvent ainsi s\u00e9curiser leur cr\u00e9ance malgr\u00e9 le moratoire.<\/p>\n

La persistance de la productivit\u00e9 des int\u00e9r\u00eats conventionnels. Le juge \u00e9carte l’application de l’article L722-14 du code de la consommation concernant la suspension des int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard. Il consid\u00e8re que cette disposition ne peut \u00eatre oppos\u00e9e au cr\u00e9ancier titulaire d’un jugement d\u00e9finitif. “Compte tenu de la proc\u00e9dure de surendettement, l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de ce jugement \u00e9tait seulement diff\u00e9r\u00e9e pendant la dur\u00e9e du plan, sans que puisse \u00eatre oppos\u00e9 au cr\u00e9ancier le fait que les int\u00e9r\u00eats n\u2019aient pas couru pendant cette p\u00e9riode.” (Motifs, I). Cette interpr\u00e9tation distingue l’exigibilit\u00e9, suspendue, de la production m\u00eame des int\u00e9r\u00eats, qui se poursuit. La jurisprudence du Tribunal judiciaire de Valence apporte un \u00e9clairage compl\u00e9mentaire en pr\u00e9cisant que, durant une suspension, seules les sommes dues au titre du capital peuvent \u00eatre productives d’int\u00e9r\u00eats. “Durant cette p\u00e9riode, seules les sommes dues au titre du capital peuvent \u00eatre productives d’int\u00e9r\u00eats dont le taux n’exc\u00e8de pas le taux de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gal.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Valence, le 3 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b025\/00104). La port\u00e9e de la solution est de maintenir la force obligatoire du contrat et du titre qui en est issu.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime de la prescription des int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires<\/p>\n

L’interruption de la prescription par les actes d’ex\u00e9cution. Le juge applique rigoureusement la prescription biennale des int\u00e9r\u00eats pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article L218-2 du code de la consommation. Il examine la validit\u00e9 des actes interruptifs de prescription, en l’occurrence des commandements de payer. Ces actes doivent \u00eatre rapport\u00e9s \u00e0 l’encontre de chacun des cod\u00e9biteurs solidaires pour \u00eatre efficaces. La d\u00e9cision rel\u00e8ve que la prescription a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement interrompue par des significations en 2016 et 2017. En cons\u00e9quence, la prescription a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquise le 1er ao\u00fbt 2019 pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats ant\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 cette date. Un nouvel acte intervenu en 2023 a interrompu la prescription pour la p\u00e9riode ult\u00e9rieure. Le sens de cette analyse est d’assurer une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en limitant dans le temps la r\u00e9clamation d’int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9chus. La valeur pratique est consid\u00e9rable pour le d\u00e9biteur, qui peut se lib\u00e9rer d’une partie de sa dette par l’effet du temps.<\/p>\n

Le cantonnement de la cr\u00e9ance saisissable aux seuls int\u00e9r\u00eats non prescrits. Le calcul final op\u00e9r\u00e9 par le juge illustre l’application concr\u00e8te des r\u00e8gles de prescription. La saisie-attribution est cantonn\u00e9e au principal de la condamnation, augment\u00e9 des int\u00e9r\u00eats non prescrits. “La saisie litigieuse \u00e9tant intervenue le 09 f\u00e9vrier 2024, interrompant la prescription pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9chus depuis le 28 f\u00e9vrier 2021, le cr\u00e9ancier est recevable \u00e0 r\u00e9clamer les int\u00e9r\u00eats capitalis\u00e9s ayant couru depuis le 28 f\u00e9vrier 2021.” (Motifs, I). Les int\u00e9r\u00eats ant\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 cette date sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s prescrits et exclus du gage du cr\u00e9ancier. La d\u00e9cision ordonne en cons\u00e9quence la production d’un nouveau d\u00e9compte limit\u00e9 \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode. La port\u00e9e de ce cantonnement est de prot\u00e9ger le d\u00e9biteur contre la r\u00e9clamation d’int\u00e9r\u00eats trop anciens, tout en respectant les droits du cr\u00e9ancier sur la p\u00e9riode r\u00e9cente. Cela \u00e9quilibre les int\u00e9r\u00eats des parties au regard de la dur\u00e9e de l’inex\u00e9cution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution du tribunal judiciaire de Mulhouse, statuant le 5 juin 2025, examine une contestation de saisie-attribution. 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Un d\u00e9biteur avait d\u00e9pos\u00e9 un dossier d\u00e9clar\u00e9 recevable le 30 novembre 2023, la commission pr\u00e9conisant le 22 f\u00e9vrier 2024 une suspension d'exigibilit\u00e9 afin de favoriser un retour \u00e0 l'emploi.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-oAaj82io-2k-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-oAaj82io-2k-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-oAaj82io-2k-unsplash-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-oAaj82io-2k-unsplash-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-oAaj82io-2k-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-oAaj82io-2k-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296518,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-annecy-le-4-juillet-2025-n25-00848\/","url_meta":{"origin":649881,"position":5},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Annecy, le 4 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/00848","author":"Kohen","date":"30 January 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le Tribunal judiciaire d\u2019Annecy, statuant en mati\u00e8re de surendettement, a rendu un jugement le 4 juillet 2025. Un d\u00e9biteur avait saisi la commission de surendettement. Celle-ci avait ordonn\u00e9 un r\u00e9\u00e9chelonnement de ses dettes et la restitution de son v\u00e9hicule. Le d\u00e9biteur a contest\u00e9 ces mesures devant le juge. Il invoquait\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zac-nielson-s4vuMuapk4Y-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zac-nielson-s4vuMuapk4Y-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zac-nielson-s4vuMuapk4Y-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zac-nielson-s4vuMuapk4Y-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zac-nielson-s4vuMuapk4Y-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zac-nielson-s4vuMuapk4Y-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=649881"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649881\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=649881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=649881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=649881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}