{"id":654733,"date":"2026-04-23T03:59:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T01:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-21-mai-2025-n21-06137\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T03:59:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T01:59:12","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-21-mai-2025-n21-06137","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-21-mai-2025-n21-06137\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 21 mai 2025, n\u00b021\/06137"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 21 mai 2025, a examin\u00e9 un litige cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 un licenciement pour motif \u00e9conomique. Un salari\u00e9 contestait la validit\u00e9 de son licenciement, cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 la fermeture d’un site, en invoquant une discrimination indirecte. La juridiction du fond avait rejet\u00e9 sa demande, estimant qu’il ne rapportait pas la preuve irr\u00e9futable de la discrimination. La Cour d’appel devait d\u00e9terminer si cette appr\u00e9ciation respectait les r\u00e8gles de preuve en mati\u00e8re de discrimination et si la cause \u00e9conomique \u00e9tait \u00e9tablie. Elle a infirm\u00e9 le jugement et prononc\u00e9 la nullit\u00e9 du licenciement pour discrimination indirecte.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9affirmation du r\u00e9gime probatoire en mati\u00e8re de discrimination<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle avec pr\u00e9cision les principes gouvernant la preuve d’une discrimination. Elle souligne d’abord que le texte ne distingue pas entre d\u00e9cision individuelle et collective. L’article L 1132-1 du code du travail s’applique donc \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision de fermeture de site si celle-ci produit des effets discriminatoires. Le salari\u00e9 doit simplement pr\u00e9senter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fait laissant supposer l’existence d’une discrimination. “Selon ce dernier texte, le salari\u00e9 qui invoque la discrimination doit pr\u00e9senter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fait laissant supposer son existence directe ou indirecte” (Motifs). La cour censure ensuite l’exigence d’une preuve irr\u00e9futable par le salari\u00e9. Le conseil des prud’hommes a, \u00e0 tort, fait peser l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la charge de la preuve sur celui-ci. Ce rappel est essentiel pour garantir l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 la non-discrimination. Il place correctement la charge de la preuve sur l’employeur d\u00e8s qu’une pr\u00e9somption est \u00e9tablie.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te de la discrimination indirecte et de la cause \u00e9conomique<\/p>\n

La cour applique ensuite ces principes aux faits de l’esp\u00e8ce pour caract\u00e9riser une pr\u00e9somption de discrimination. Elle constate que la d\u00e9cision apparemment neutre de fermeture affecte disproportionn\u00e9ment certaines cat\u00e9gories prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Les registres du personnel et proc\u00e8s-verbaux \u00e9lectoraux montrent des d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres significatifs. Le centre concern\u00e9 compte plus de salari\u00e9s d’origine extra-europ\u00e9enne et vote majoritairement pour un syndicat sp\u00e9cifique. “Tel est bien le cas ici pour ce qui concerne le personnel issu de la diversit\u00e9, le personnel votant majoritairement pour la CGT” (Motifs). La cour examine ensuite la justification \u00e9conomique avanc\u00e9e par l’employeur pour renverser cette pr\u00e9somption. Elle rappelle que l’appr\u00e9ciation doit se faire au niveau du secteur d’activit\u00e9 du groupe sur le territoire national. L’employeur a limit\u00e9 son analyse \u00e0 la France m\u00e9tropolitaine, excluant l’outre-mer. Or, la cour estime que le march\u00e9 des services de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision payante y est substantiellement identique. En restreignant son analyse \u00e9conomique \u00e0 la seule France m\u00e9tropolitaine, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne justifie pas la r\u00e9organisation. Cette appr\u00e9ciation stricte du p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre d’analyse est d\u00e9cisive. Elle prive l’employeur de sa preuve de justification objective, confirmant ainsi la discrimination.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision renforce la protection contre les discriminations dans les restructurations. Elle rappelle que la libert\u00e9 d’entreprendre ne peut s’exercer en m\u00e9connaissance du principe de non-discrimination. Le raisonnement suivi par la cour est particuli\u00e8rement rigoureux. Il combine une application stricte du r\u00e9gime probatoire avec une analyse \u00e9conomique concr\u00e8te et \u00e9largie. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au territoire national incluant l’outre-mer pour appr\u00e9cier le secteur d’activit\u00e9 est notable. Elle impose aux groupes une vision globale de leur situation \u00e9conomique en France. Cette approche peut complexifier la justification des restructurations localis\u00e9es. Elle tend cependant \u00e0 garantir une meilleure effectivit\u00e9 du contr\u00f4le judiciaire. La d\u00e9cision illustre enfin l’articulation entre droit social et droit de la concurrence. L’analyse du march\u00e9 unique pour la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision payante est emprunt\u00e9e \u00e0 ce dernier domaine. Cette interdisciplinarit\u00e9 sert une protection accrue des salari\u00e9s contre les discriminations syst\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 21 mai 2025, a examin\u00e9 un litige cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 un licenciement pour motif \u00e9conomique. Un salari\u00e9 contestait la validit\u00e9 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68df5a3a21a269c127203aae","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68df5a3a21a269c127203aae","_kj_judilibre_id":"68df5a3a21a269c127203aae","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 6 - Chambre 3","_kj_rg":"21\/06137","_kj_date":"2025-10-01","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-654733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 21 mai 2025, n\u00b021\/06137 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Paris, statuant le 21 mai 2025, a examin\u00e9 un litige cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 un licenciement pour motif \u00e9conomique. 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