{"id":656297,"date":"2026-04-23T07:04:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-16-mai-2025-n25-00558\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:04:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:04:45","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-16-mai-2025-n25-00558","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-16-mai-2025-n25-00558\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, le 16 mai 2025, n\u00b025\/00558"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 16 mai 2025. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bailleur a sollicit\u00e9 la constatation de la r\u00e9siliation d\u2019un bail commercial pour d\u00e9faut de paiement. Le juge a examin\u00e9 les conditions de mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019une clause r\u00e9solutoire et les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Il a constat\u00e9 la r\u00e9siliation du bail, ordonn\u00e9 l\u2019expulsion et accord\u00e9 des provisions sur les cr\u00e9ances. La solution rappelle les principes r\u00e9gissant la proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 et le contr\u00f4le des clauses p\u00e9nales.<\/p>\n

Les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de constatation de r\u00e9siliation<\/p>\n

Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s peut constater l\u2019acquisition d\u2019une clause r\u00e9solutoire sans caract\u00e9riser l\u2019urgence. La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise que “la juridiction des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s n’est toutefois pas tenue de caract\u00e9riser l’urgence au sens de l’article 834, pour constater l’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire et la r\u00e9siliation d’un droit au bail.” Cette position confirme une jurisprudence constante sur ce point sp\u00e9cifique. Elle aligne ainsi le traitement des clauses r\u00e9solutoires sur celui des troubles manifestement illicites. La port\u00e9e est pratique, permettant une intervention judiciaire rapide et efficace pour le bailleur.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du commandement pr\u00e9alable est une condition essentielle \u00e0 cette constatation. Le juge v\u00e9rifie scrupuleusement le respect des formalit\u00e9s l\u00e9gales, notamment celles de l\u2019article L. 145-41 du code de commerce. Il rel\u00e8ve que le commandement “mentionne la nature des sommes r\u00e9clam\u00e9es et les \u00e9ch\u00e9ances auxquelles elles se rapportent” et qu\u2019il “pr\u00e9cise en outre qu\u2019\u00e0 d\u00e9faut de paiement dans le d\u00e9lai d\u2019un mois, le bailleur entend express\u00e9ment se pr\u00e9valoir de la clause r\u00e9solutoire”. Cette analyse rigoureuse garantit les droits de la partie d\u00e9faillante. Elle assure une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique dans l\u2019application des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9siliation de plein droit.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le des demandes provisionnelles et la modulation des clauses contractuelles<\/p>\n

Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s peut accorder une provision lorsque l\u2019obligation n\u2019est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. L\u2019ordonnance applique l\u2019article 835 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile pour condamner le locataire au paiement d\u2019une somme provisionnelle. Elle constate que “l\u2019obligation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 STANLEY SERRURIER SECURITE n\u2019est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable \u00e0 hauteur de 5 260 euros”. Ce pouvoir permet d\u2019assurer une protection imm\u00e9diate et partielle des cr\u00e9ances certaines. Il illustre la fonction de pr\u00e9vention du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, distincte d\u2019un jugement au fond d\u00e9finitif.<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re un contr\u00f4le sur la clause contractuelle fixant l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation apr\u00e8s r\u00e9siliation. Il refuse d\u2019appliquer la clause pr\u00e9voyant une indemnit\u00e9 doubl\u00e9e, la jugeant potentiellement excessive. La d\u00e9cision motive que “l\u2019application de la majoration sollicit\u00e9e exc\u00e8de le revenu locatif dont il se trouve priv\u00e9” et est “susceptible de s’analyser en une clause p\u00e9nale”. Le juge fixe donc l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 provisionnelle au seul montant du loyer contractuel. Cette intervention mod\u00e9ratrice prot\u00e8ge le d\u00e9biteur contre des stipulations abusives, m\u00eame en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle rappelle l\u2019ordre public de bonne foi et l\u2019\u00e9quilibre contractuel que le juge doit pr\u00e9server.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 16 mai 2025. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bailleur a sollicit\u00e9 la constatation de la r\u00e9siliation d\u2019un ba…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dc3379b3454b98788d3b64","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dc3379b3454b98788d3b64","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dc3379b3454b98788d3b64","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise","_kj_chambre":"R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s","_kj_rg":"25\/00558","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, le 16 mai 2025, n\u00b025\/00558 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 16 mai 2025. 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