{"id":656397,"date":"2026-04-23T07:16:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-clermont-ferrand-le-27-mai-2025-n23-00457\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:16:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:16:40","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-clermont-ferrand-le-27-mai-2025-n23-00457","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-clermont-ferrand-le-27-mai-2025-n23-00457\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Clermont-Ferrand, le 27 mai 2025, n\u00b023\/00457"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Clermont-Ferrand, par jugement du 27 mai 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 intent\u00e9e par des clients \u00e0 l’encontre de leur banque et de l’\u00e9tablissement b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire. Les demandeurs reprochaient \u00e0 ces institutions de ne pas avoir pr\u00e9venu des virements cons\u00e9quents effectu\u00e9s vers un investissement immobilier pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 frauduleux. La juridiction a d\u00e9bout\u00e9 les demandeurs de l’ensemble de leurs pr\u00e9tentions, tant sur le fondement de la lutte contre le blanchiment que du devoir de vigilance ou du r\u00e9gime des paiements non autoris\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation du champ d’application des obligations de vigilance<\/p>\n

Le tribunal \u00e9carte d’embl\u00e9e l’application du cadre sp\u00e9cifique de la lutte contre le blanchiment. Il rappelle que les obligations issues des articles L.561-6 et L.561-10-2 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier ont une finalit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise. La Cour de cassation a en effet jug\u00e9 que “les obligations de vigilance et de d\u00e9claration impos\u00e9es aux organismes financiers en application des articles L. 561-5 \u00e0 L. 561-22 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier […] ont pour seule finalit\u00e9 la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux et le financement du terrorisme. […] la victime d’agissements frauduleux ne peut se pr\u00e9valoir de l’inobservation des obligations de vigilance et de d\u00e9claration pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es pour r\u00e9clamer des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 l’organisme financier.” (Cass. Com. 21 septembre 2022 \/ n\u00b0 21-12.335). Cette jurisprudence est strictement appliqu\u00e9e, confirmant que ce r\u00e9gime ne fonde pas une action priv\u00e9e en r\u00e9paration. Cette solution rejoint celle d’un tribunal qui a \u00e9galement estim\u00e9 que “Les articles L.561-1 et suivants du code mon\u00e9taire et financier ne sont pas susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre invoqu\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019une action d\u2019un client \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de sa banque en responsabilit\u00e9.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Lille, le 27 mai 2025, n\u00b022\/07442). La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est essentielle, car elle cantonne strictement l’utilisation de ces textes \u00e0 leur objectif de police administrative et financi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Le contentieux rel\u00e8ve donc du droit commun des contrats et de la responsabilit\u00e9. Le tribunal d\u00e9finit ensuite les contours de l’obligation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de vigilance pesant sur la banque. Il rappelle le principe fondamental de non-ing\u00e9rence dans les affaires du client. La jurisprudence constante de la Cour de cassation est invoqu\u00e9e : “la banque est tenue \u00e0 une obligation de non-ing\u00e9rence dans les affaires de son client […] et n’a pas \u00e0 proc\u00e9der \u00e0 de quelconques investigations sur l’origine et l’importance des fonds vers\u00e9s sur ses comptes, ni m\u00eame \u00e0 l’interroger sur l’existence de mouvements de grande ampleur, d\u00e8s lors que ces op\u00e9rations ont une apparence de r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 et qu’aucun indice de falsification ne peut \u00eatre d\u00e9cel\u00e9” (Com., 25 sept. 2019, n\u00b018-15.965, 18-16.421). Cette citation fonde toute la construction juridique du raisonnement. La vigilance ne devient active qu’en pr\u00e9sence d’une anomalie apparente, ce qui limite consid\u00e9rablement son champ d’action. Cette approche \u00e9quilibre la protection du client avec le respect de sa sph\u00e8re d\u00e9cisionnelle, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la philosophie d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par la jurisprudence.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation souveraine de l’absence de faute bancaire<\/p>\n

Sur le plan factuel, le tribunal estime qu’aucune anomalie apparente ne caract\u00e9risait les op\u00e9rations litigieuses. Il rel\u00e8ve que les virements, bien que d’un montant important, \u00e9taient espac\u00e9s dans le temps et correspondaient \u00e0 des ordres expresse. Le compte \u00e9tait suffisamment provisionn\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des rentr\u00e9es d’argent cons\u00e9quentes issues d’une succession. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments factuels, souverainement appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s, permettent de conclure \u00e0 l’absence d’indice susceptible de d\u00e9clencher un devoir de vigilance renforc\u00e9. Le tribunal souligne que le devoir de la banque “ne peut aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 s\u2019assurer de la sant\u00e9 financi\u00e8re d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9” en l’absence d’\u00e9l\u00e9ment laissant penser \u00e0 une fraude. Cette analyse restrictive prot\u00e8ge les \u00e9tablissements d’une obligation de garantie de la solvabilit\u00e9 des tiers avec lesquels leurs clients contractent.<\/p>\n

Concernant le r\u00e9gime des paiements non autoris\u00e9s, le tribunal constate l’existence d’un consentement clair et non \u00e9quivoque. Il s’appuie sur les propres d\u00e9clarations des demandeurs dans leur plainte, qui d\u00e9crivent une d\u00e9marche proactive et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie. Les courriels confirmant chaque ordre de virement attestent de ce consentement. D\u00e8s lors, la banque ex\u00e9cutante a correctement rempli son obligation. Le tribunal rappelle le principe selon lequel “une op\u00e9ration de paiement est autoris\u00e9e si le payeur a donn\u00e9 son consentement \u00e0 son ex\u00e9cution” (Cass. Crim. 22 mars 2022 \/ n\u00b0 21-82.604). La port\u00e9e de cette solution est de faire peser sur le client, investi et inform\u00e9, la responsabilit\u00e9 de ses d\u00e9cisions de placement. Elle consacre une vision classique de l’ex\u00e9cution du mandat de paiement, o\u00f9 la banque n’est qu’un ex\u00e9cutant des ordres re\u00e7us.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision illustre la r\u00e9ticence des juges \u00e0 \u00e9tendre la responsabilit\u00e9 bancaire au-del\u00e0 de ses strictes limites contractuelles et l\u00e9gales. Elle r\u00e9affirme avec force le principe de non-ing\u00e9rence, d\u00e9j\u00e0 soulign\u00e9 par une autre juridiction qui rappelait que “cette responsabilit\u00e9 est limit\u00e9e par un principe de non-ing\u00e9rence c\u2019est \u00e0 dire l\u2019interdiction faite \u00e0 la banque de s\u2019immiscer dans les affaires de son client” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 3 septembre 2024, n\u00b022\/09601). La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans son application rigoureuse de ce principe \u00e0 une affaire o\u00f9 les pr\u00e9judices subis par les clients sont pourtant patents. Elle trace une fronti\u00e8re nette entre la malchance ou la maladresse commerciale du client et la faute de la banque, refusant de transformer cette derni\u00e8re en assureur universel des risques d’investissement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Clermont-Ferrand, par jugement du 27 mai 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 intent\u00e9e par des clients \u00e0 l’encontre de l…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dc3e0ab3454b98788decd0","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dc3e0ab3454b98788decd0","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dc3e0ab3454b98788decd0","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Clermont-Ferrand","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 1 Cabinet 2","_kj_rg":"23\/00457","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Clermont-Ferrand, le 27 mai 2025, n\u00b023\/00457 - 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Cette derni\u00e8re, victime...","rel":"","context":"In "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/virginia-marinova-xqo5V5aU09g-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/virginia-marinova-xqo5V5aU09g-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/virginia-marinova-xqo5V5aU09g-unsplash-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/virginia-marinova-xqo5V5aU09g-unsplash-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/virginia-marinova-xqo5V5aU09g-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/virginia-marinova-xqo5V5aU09g-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":353389,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-19-novembre-2025-n24-03820\/","url_meta":{"origin":656397,"position":5},"title":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 19 novembre 2025, n\u00b024\/03820","author":"Kohen","date":"11 February 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"La Cour d\u2019appel de Paris, dans un arr\u00eat du 19 novembre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d\u2019un litige opposant une assur\u00e9e \u00e0 sa compagnie d\u2019assurance, la MAIF, \u00e0 la suite...","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ave-calvar-yJLFsme5WMU-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ave-calvar-yJLFsme5WMU-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ave-calvar-yJLFsme5WMU-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ave-calvar-yJLFsme5WMU-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ave-calvar-yJLFsme5WMU-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ave-calvar-yJLFsme5WMU-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=656397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656397\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=656397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=656397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=656397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}