{"id":656772,"date":"2026-04-23T07:53:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-9-decembre-2024-n22-01081\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:53:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:53:53","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-9-decembre-2024-n22-01081","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-9-decembre-2024-n22-01081\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b022\/01081"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 9 d\u00e9cembre 2024, statue sur un litige locatif commercial opposant une bailleresse \u00e0 sa locataire et \u00e0 une caution. La proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire de la locataire complexifie les demandes en paiement. Le tribunal rejette une fin de non-recevoir, fixe une cr\u00e9ance locative, annule un cautionnement et rejette les demandes indemnitaires crois\u00e9es. La solution consacre la rigueur proc\u00e9durale et la protection de la caution personne physique.<\/p>\n

La discipline proc\u00e9durale et l’encadrement des clauses abusives<\/p>\n

Le rejet d’une fin de non-recevoir souligne la r\u00e9partition chronologique des comp\u00e9tences. La fin de non-recevoir fond\u00e9e sur l’absence d’int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre fut soulev\u00e9e tardivement. “Elle n\u2019est donc pas recevable devant le tribunal statuant au fond, mais auraient d\u00fb \u00eatre soumises au juge de la mise en \u00e9tat avant son dessaisissement.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette application stricte des articles 789 et 802 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile garantit l’efficacit\u00e9 de la proc\u00e9dure. Elle pr\u00e9vient les tactiques dilatoires en imposant un calendrier rigoureux pour les exceptions. La port\u00e9e est pratique et renforce l’autorit\u00e9 du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le judiciaire des clauses p\u00e9nales limite les abus contractuels. Le bail pr\u00e9voyait une majoration forfaitaire et des int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard major\u00e9s. Le tribunal retient la premi\u00e8re mais \u00e9carte la seconde. “Cette deuxi\u00e8me partie de la clause p\u00e9nale sera \u00e9cart\u00e9e, et le taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats sera fix\u00e9 au taux l\u00e9gal.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Le juge use de son pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur face \u00e0 une stipulation excessive. Cette intervention prot\u00e8ge le d\u00e9biteur, surtout en difficult\u00e9, contre des sanctions disproportionn\u00e9es. La valeur est d’ordre public et rappelle la soumission des contrats \u00e0 un contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La protection renforc\u00e9e de la caution et la gestion des proc\u00e9dures collectives<\/p>\n

Le formalisme protecteur du cautionnement des personnes physiques est strictement appliqu\u00e9. L’engagement \u00e9tait r\u00e9dig\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on succincte et impr\u00e9cise. “Il ne comporte ni dur\u00e9e ni montant de l\u2019engagement (\u2026) et il ne reproduit pas exactement la mention manuscrite exig\u00e9e” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Le tribunal d\u00e9clare donc le cautionnement nul. Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence constante. “L’engagement de caution (\u2026) doit \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9 nul, faute d’avoir respect\u00e9 la mention obligatoire de la dur\u00e9e” (Cour d’appel de Caen, le 2 mai 2025, n\u00b024\/01786). La port\u00e9e est imp\u00e9rative et sanctionne s\u00e9v\u00e8rement tout manquement.<\/p>\n

Les interactions entre bail commercial et proc\u00e9dure collective ob\u00e9issent \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles sp\u00e9cifiques. La cr\u00e9ance locative n\u00e9e avant le jugement d’ouverture est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e au passif. Le tribunal fixe son montant mais ne peut ordonner son paiement. Cette approche est dict\u00e9e par les articles L. 622-21 et L. 622-22 du code de commerce. Elle rejoint la solution de la Cour de cassation. “L’action introduite par le bailleur (\u2026) ne peut \u00eatre poursuivie apr\u00e8s ce jugement.” (Cass. Troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 13 avril 2022, n\u00b021-15.336). La valeur est syst\u00e9mique et subordonne les droits des cr\u00e9anciers aux imp\u00e9ratifs de la collective.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 9 d\u00e9cembre 2024, statue sur un litige locatif commercial opposant une bailleresse \u00e0 sa locataire et \u00e0 un…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9710,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dc0823b3454b9878881d68","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dc0823b3454b9878881d68","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dc0823b3454b9878881d68","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Denis de La R\u00e9union","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre","_kj_rg":"22\/01081","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b022\/01081 - 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