{"id":657329,"date":"2026-04-23T09:09:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T07:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-30-septembre-2025-n22-01107\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T09:09:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T07:09:06","slug":"cour-dappel-le-30-septembre-2025-n22-01107","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-le-30-septembre-2025-n22-01107\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/01107"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel, statuant sur un appel en intervention forc\u00e9e, a rendu sa d\u00e9cision le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Un artisan menuisier, ayant r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une terrasse pr\u00e9sentant des d\u00e9sordres importants, engageait la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale de son assureur. La juridiction a d’abord filtr\u00e9 les demandes au regard des r\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dure avant de statuer au fond sur la garantie d’assurance. Elle a rejet\u00e9 les demandes de l’artisan et confirm\u00e9 sa condamnation \u00e0 indemniser le propri\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n

La s\u00e9lection proc\u00e9durale des demandes en appel<\/p>\n

La cour op\u00e8re un contr\u00f4le rigoureux de la recevabilit\u00e9 des pr\u00e9tentions nouvelles. Elle rappelle que la demande en nullit\u00e9 d’une expertise, bien que relevant des nullit\u00e9s de proc\u00e9dure, n’est pas une exception de proc\u00e9dure. Elle souligne cependant que “M. [S] disposait, en application des dispositions de l’article 2224 du code civil, d’un d\u00e9lai de cinq ans pour solliciter la nullit\u00e9 de ce rapport” (Motifs, I-1). Ce d\u00e9lai \u00e9tant expir\u00e9, la demande est irrecevable. La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est de rappeler l’application du droit commun de la prescription aux nullit\u00e9s de proc\u00e9dure, assurant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des actes de l’instance.<\/p>\n

La juridiction distingue ensuite les demandes nouvelles des pr\u00e9tentions connexes. Elle admet la demande visant \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer non \u00e9crite une clause, car elle “tend aux m\u00eames fins que celle \u00e9nonc\u00e9e en premi\u00e8re instance, \u00e0 savoir \u00eatre garanti” (Motifs, I-1). En revanche, une action en responsabilit\u00e9 pour manquement au devoir de conseil est jug\u00e9e nouvelle, ayant un “fondement juridique et le but poursuivis” diff\u00e9rents (Motifs, I-1). La valeur de cette distinction r\u00e9side dans l’interpr\u00e9tation stricte de l’article 564 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, pr\u00e9servant l’\u00e9conomie du proc\u00e8s en appel.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation contractuelle de la garantie d’assurance<\/p>\n

Sur le fond, la cour examine la nature des travaux litigieux pour d\u00e9terminer le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de la garantie. L’expert avait constat\u00e9 que la terrasse \u00e9tait “constitu\u00e9e d’une ossature de solives reposant sur des madriers fix\u00e9s sur des poteaux” et que “le bois utilis\u00e9 n’a, soit pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tuv\u00e9 apr\u00e8s usinage et avant montage, soit n’est pas adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 une utilisation ext\u00e9rieure” (Motifs, II-1). Ces d\u00e9sordres engageant la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale de l’artisan, la question \u00e9tait de savoir s’ils \u00e9taient couverts.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision centre son analyse sur la d\u00e9finition contractuelle des activit\u00e9s assur\u00e9es. La proposition d’assurance sign\u00e9e pr\u00e9cisait l’activit\u00e9 de “MENUISIER… (TRAVAUX DE CHARPENTE EXCLUS)” (Motifs, II-2). La cour estime que cette mention ne constitue pas une clause d’exclusion mais d\u00e9finit “la d\u00e9finition m\u00eame de la garantie souscrite” (Motifs, II-2). Le sens de cette qualification est essentiel, car une clause d’exclusion est soumise \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime strict d’interpr\u00e9tation, contrairement \u00e0 la d\u00e9limitation du champ contractuel.<\/p>\n

Pour qualifier les travaux, la cour se fonde sur la nomenclature de l’assureur qui rattache \u00e0 la charpente la “r\u00e9alisation de charpentes, structures et ossatures \u00e0 base de bois” (Motifs, II-2). Elle en d\u00e9duit que la r\u00e9alisation de l’ossature porteuse de la terrasse rel\u00e8ve de la charpente, activit\u00e9 non couverte. Cette solution rejoint celle de la Cour de cassation qui, dans un cas similaire, a jug\u00e9 que “l’activit\u00e9 construction de maison individuelle n’ayant pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e, les demandes en garantie… devaient \u00eatre rejet\u00e9es” (Cass. Troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 18 octobre 2018, n\u00b017-23.741). La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est de confirmer la primaut\u00e9 de la qualification contractuelle des activit\u00e9s assur\u00e9es sur la nature technique des d\u00e9sordres.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel, statuant sur un appel en intervention forc\u00e9e, a rendu sa d\u00e9cision le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Un artisan menuisier, ayant r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une terrasse pr\u00e9s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dce599137fb746f70f66cf","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dce599137fb746f70f66cf","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dce599137fb746f70f66cf","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Metz","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre","_kj_rg":"22\/01107","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/01107 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cour d'appel, statuant sur un appel en intervention forc\u00e9e, a rendu sa d\u00e9cision le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. 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