{"id":659329,"date":"2026-04-23T13:10:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T11:10:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-26-septembre-2025-n13-04664\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T13:10:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T11:10:21","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-26-septembre-2025-n13-04664","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-26-septembre-2025-n13-04664\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 26 septembre 2025, n\u00b013\/04664"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, par jugement du 26 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en paiement de cr\u00e9dits immobiliers. Les emprunteurs opposent le caract\u00e8re abusif de la clause de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme et invoquent divers manquements de l’\u00e9tablissement pr\u00eateur. La juridiction annule la clause litigieuse mais condamne n\u00e9anmoins les emprunteurs au remboursement du capital restant d\u00fb, en pronon\u00e7ant la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats du pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n

La qualification du contrat et le contr\u00f4le des clauses abusives<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du droit applicable au rapport contractuel<\/p>\n

Le tribunal examine d’abord la soumission volontaire des contrats au code de la consommation. Il rappelle que cette soumission doit \u00eatre expresse et \u00e9clair\u00e9e. La simple r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des textes sur un formulaire pr\u00e9-imprim\u00e9 ne suffit pas \u00e0 en d\u00e9montrer le caract\u00e8re expr\u00e8s. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la documentation d\u00e9montre que la banque ne pouvait ignorer l’activit\u00e9 professionnelle des emprunteurs. “Il est difficile de consid\u00e9rer que la banque ignorait l\u2019activit\u00e9 de professionnel” des emprunteurs (Motifs). La volont\u00e9 des parties de se soumettre au code de la consommation est donc retenue, ce qui permet l’application du r\u00e9gime protecteur.<\/p>\n

L’annulation d’une clause cr\u00e9ant un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre significatif<\/p>\n

Le juge proc\u00e8de ensuite \u00e0 l’analyse de la clause de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme au regard de l’article L. 132-1 du code de la consommation. La clause accordait au pr\u00eateur le choix entre un d\u00e9lai d’un mois ou de huit jours pour r\u00e9gulariser un impay\u00e9. La jurisprudence constante de la Cour de cassation, inspir\u00e9e de la CJUE, est rappel\u00e9e. Elle sanctionne les clauses pr\u00e9voyant une r\u00e9siliation de plein droit sans pr\u00e9avis d’une dur\u00e9e raisonnable. “La possibilit\u00e9 pour le pr\u00eateur d\u2019opter pour un d\u00e9lai de 8 jours cr\u00e9ait, dans la clause contractuelle de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme, un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre significatif” (Motifs). La clause est donc jug\u00e9e abusive et r\u00e9put\u00e9e non \u00e9crite, emp\u00eachant l’exigibilit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate du capital.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales et substantielles de la d\u00e9cision<\/p>\n

Les effets de l’annulation sur les demandes en paiement<\/p>\n

L’annulation de la clause a pour effet que les \u00e9ch\u00e9ances sont devenues exigibles au fur et \u00e0 mesure de leur \u00e9ch\u00e9ance contractuelle. Le tribunal rejette l’argument des emprunteurs sur la prescription des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances individuelles. Il estime que l’assignation en paiement du capital restant d\u00fb a interrompu la prescription pour l’ensemble des sommes r\u00e9clam\u00e9es. “Le fait que ces sommes n\u2019\u00e9taient pas dues \u00e0 la date de l\u2019assignation est un moyen de fond, sans cons\u00e9quence sur la validit\u00e9 de l\u2019interruption” (Motifs). Les emprunteurs sont donc condamn\u00e9s au paiement du capital des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances \u00e9chues et impay\u00e9es, calcul\u00e9 sur la base du tableau d’amortissement.<\/p>\n

La sanction des manquements du pr\u00eateur et le rejet des demandes indemnitaires<\/p>\n

Le tribunal accueille la demande de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats pour violation des r\u00e8gles de forme sur l’offre de pr\u00eat. Le pr\u00eateur n’a pas prouv\u00e9 l’envoi postal de l’offre, garantissant le d\u00e9lai de r\u00e9flexion. “L’inobservation de cette r\u00e8gle de forme est sanctionn\u00e9e par la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats” (Motifs). En revanche, il rejette les demandes indemnitaires r\u00e9ciproques pour perte de chance. Celle des emprunteurs est jug\u00e9e prescrite, leur premi\u00e8re demande dans l’instance \u00e9tant intervenue plus de cinq ans apr\u00e8s la conclusion du contrat. Celle du pr\u00eateur est \u00e9cart\u00e9e au regard de son propre comportement fautif.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, par jugement du 26 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en paiement de cr\u00e9dits immobiliers. 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