{"id":660089,"date":"2026-04-23T14:40:33","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T12:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-5-juillet-2024-n23-00887\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:40:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T12:40:33","slug":"cour-dappel-de-douai-le-5-juillet-2024-n23-00887","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-5-juillet-2024-n23-00887\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Douai, le 5 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/00887"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Douai, le 5 juillet 2024, statue sur les demandes d’un conducteur routier concernant des heures suppl\u00e9mentaires non r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9es, un harc\u00e8lement moral, un manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la nullit\u00e9 de son licenciement. La cour confirme en grande partie le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance mais prononce la nullit\u00e9 du licenciement pour cause illicite et alloue une indemnit\u00e9 pour manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9partition de la charge de la preuve en mati\u00e8re d’heures suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle le principe l\u00e9gal de r\u00e9partition de la charge de la preuve. L’article L.3171-4 du code du travail impose \u00e0 l’employeur de fournir les \u00e9l\u00e9ments justifiant les horaires effectivement r\u00e9alis\u00e9s. Toutefois, la cour pr\u00e9cise la charge initiale incombant au salari\u00e9. “Il appartient donc au salari\u00e9 de pr\u00e9senter, au pr\u00e9alable, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisamment pr\u00e9cis quant aux heures non r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9es qu’il pr\u00e9tend avoir accomplies, afin de permettre \u00e0 l’employeur, qui assure le contr\u00f4le des heures de travail effectu\u00e9es, d’y r\u00e9pondre utilement, en produisant ses propres \u00e9l\u00e9ments.” (Sur les demandes aff\u00e9rentes \u00e0 l’accomplissement d’heures suppl\u00e9mentaires)<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision d\u00e9finit ainsi un formalisme probatoire pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la charge du salari\u00e9. Ce dernier doit produire des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisamment pr\u00e9cis pour engager un d\u00e9bat contradictoire. En l’esp\u00e8ce, un simple relev\u00e9 mensuel du nombre total d’heures prest\u00e9es sur deux ans est jug\u00e9 suffisant. Cette exigence de pr\u00e9cision pr\u00e9alable trouve un \u00e9cho dans une jurisprudence r\u00e9cente. “La cour consid\u00e8re que ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont suffisamment pr\u00e9cis pour permettre \u00e0 l’employeur d’y r\u00e9pondre par ses propres \u00e9l\u00e9ments, qui doivent \u00eatre objectifs et infalsifiables sur les horaires r\u00e9ellement accomplis par son salari\u00e9.” (Cour d’appel de Pau, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b023\/02941) La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est de clarifier le dialogue probatoire, \u00e9vitant des demandes trop vagues tout en n’exigeant pas une preuve irr\u00e9futable du salari\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation du harc\u00e8lement moral et l’obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de r\u00e9sultat<\/p>\n

La cour applique strictement les conditions l\u00e9gales du harc\u00e8lement moral. Elle examine s\u00e9par\u00e9ment chaque grief avanc\u00e9 par le salari\u00e9, exigeant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9cis et probants. Des attestations r\u00e9dig\u00e9es en termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux ou un certificat m\u00e9dical sans lien \u00e9tabli avec le travail sont jug\u00e9s insuffisants. Seul le fait de ne pas avoir mis \u00e0 disposition un camion adapt\u00e9 aux prescriptions m\u00e9dicales est retenu, mais isol\u00e9ment, il ne permet pas de pr\u00e9sumer l’existence d’un harc\u00e8lement. Cette analyse morcel\u00e9e et exigeante renforce le seuil de preuve pour le salari\u00e9, qui doit d\u00e9montrer des agissements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s ayant un impact concret.<\/p>\n

Concernant l’obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la cour reconna\u00eet un manquement de l’employeur. Malgr\u00e9 des recommandations m\u00e9dicales r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9es, l’employeur n’a pas fourni un v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 bo\u00eete automatique. La cour estime que l’attribution de ces v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 d’autres salari\u00e9s, sans raison m\u00e9dicale, ne le dispense pas de son obligation. “Le fait que ces camions \u00e9taient attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 d’autres salari\u00e9s (sans qu’il soit all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que ces attributions r\u00e9pondaient \u00e9galement \u00e0 des exigences m\u00e9dicales) ne saurait dispenser l’employeur de son obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de l’appelant.” (Sur la demande de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats pour manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9) Ce manquement donne lieu \u00e0 l’allocation de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour pr\u00e9judice d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, m\u00eame sans aggravation m\u00e9dicale constat\u00e9e, confirmant le caract\u00e8re de r\u00e9sultat de cette obligation.<\/p>\n

La nullit\u00e9 du licenciement pour cause illicite et ses cons\u00e9quences<\/p>\n

La cour op\u00e8re un contr\u00f4le rigoureux de la cause du licenciement. Elle rel\u00e8ve que la lettre de licenciement fonde explicitement la rupture sur l’action en justice engag\u00e9e par le salari\u00e9. “Il r\u00e9sulte explicitement de la lettre de licenciement que la rupture du contrat de travail est intervenue en raison de l’action en justice port\u00e9e par le salari\u00e9 devant la juridiction prud’homale” (Sur le licenciement) Cette cause, contraire \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’acc\u00e8s au juge, est illicite et entra\u00eene la nullit\u00e9 du licenciement.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences de cette nullit\u00e9 sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment encadr\u00e9es. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article L.1235-3-1 du code du travail, le salari\u00e9 obtient une indemnit\u00e9 qui ne peut \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 six mois de salaire. La cour use de son pouvoir souverain pour fixer le montant \u00e0 15 000 euros, tenant compte de l’\u00e2ge, de l’anciennet\u00e9 et de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration. La valeur de cette d\u00e9cision est de rappeler avec force le caract\u00e8re fondamental de la libert\u00e9 d’ester en justice. Elle sanctionne s\u00e9v\u00e8rement toute mesure de r\u00e9torsion, prot\u00e9geant ainsi l’exercice serein des voies de recours par les salari\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Douai, le 5 juillet 2024, statue sur les demandes d’un conducteur routier concernant des heures suppl\u00e9mentaires non r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9es, un harc\u00e8le…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-660089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Douai, le 5 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/00887 - 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