{"id":660389,"date":"2026-04-23T15:12:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T13:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-10-juillet-2025-n25-00169\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T15:12:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T13:12:48","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-10-juillet-2025-n25-00169","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-10-juillet-2025-n25-00169\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 10 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/00169"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 10 juillet 2025, examine une demande en communication de pi\u00e8ces dans le cadre d’une proc\u00e9dure pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 une action en discrimination syndicale. Une salari\u00e9e sollicite la production de bulletins de paie de coll\u00e8gues pour comparer son \u00e9volution de carri\u00e8re. La juridiction infirme l’ordonnance de premi\u00e8re instance qui avait rejet\u00e9 sa demande. Elle d\u00e9finit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les conditions d’une communication proportionn\u00e9e, conciliant droit \u00e0 la preuve et protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles.<\/p>\n

Le renforcement des garanties proc\u00e9durales<\/p>\n

L’arr\u00eat consolide d’abord le principe du contradictoire en amont de l’audience. Il valide la production tardive de certaines pi\u00e8ces d\u00e8s lors que l’adversaire a eu un d\u00e9lai raisonnable pour y r\u00e9pondre. La cour estime que la mise en graphique de donn\u00e9es communiqu\u00e9es par la d\u00e9fenderesse elle-m\u00eame et des conclusions notifi\u00e9es dix jours avant la cl\u00f4ture ne violent pas ce principe. Elle rappelle ainsi que l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale prime sur un formalisme excessif. Cette approche pragmatique assure une instruction loyale et compl\u00e8te. Elle permet aux parties de fonder utilement leurs pr\u00e9tentions sur des \u00e9l\u00e9ments actualis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

L’encadrement strict de la mesure d’instruction<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re ensuite un contr\u00f4le rigoureux de la demande sur le fondement de l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Il rappelle que le motif l\u00e9gitime s’appr\u00e9cie par un rapprochement entre la plausibilit\u00e9 d’un proc\u00e8s et l’utilit\u00e9 de la mesure. En mati\u00e8re de discrimination, la communication doit \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’exercice du droit \u00e0 la preuve et proportionn\u00e9e. “Il lui appartient \u00e9galement, eu \u00e9gard aux articles 5 et 6 du r\u00e8glement (UE) n\u00b02016\/679… de veiller au principe de minimisation des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel” (Motifs). L’arr\u00eat impose ainsi une conciliation exigeante entre deux droits fondamentaux. Il pr\u00e9cise le r\u00f4le actif du juge pour garantir cette balance.<\/p>\n

La conciliation pratique entre preuve et vie priv\u00e9e<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision met en \u0153uvre ce cadre th\u00e9orique par des prescriptions concr\u00e8tes. Elle ordonne la communication des bulletins de paie, jug\u00e9s indispensables pour une comparaison effective des r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations. Elle rejette en revanche l’anonymisation totale propos\u00e9e par l’employeur. Celle-ci emp\u00eacherait de v\u00e9rifier la corr\u00e9lation entre les donn\u00e9es et les individus du panel. “L’anonymisation des bulletins de paie, telle que sollicit\u00e9e par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, ne permettrait pas… de v\u00e9rifier que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments fournis par l’employeur… sont aff\u00e9rents aux salari\u00e9s du panel” (Motifs). La solution retenue est donc un acc\u00e8s partiel et cibl\u00e9 aux informations.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre du principe de minimisation<\/p>\n

Pour limiter l’atteinte \u00e0 la vie personnelle, la cour d\u00e9termine avec pr\u00e9cision les seules mentions utiles. Elle ordonne d’occulter toutes les autres donn\u00e9es sur les bulletins. Seuls le nom, la fonction, l’anciennet\u00e9, la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration, le coefficient et le site doivent rester visibles. Elle enjoint \u00e9galement aux parties de n’utiliser ces donn\u00e9es qu’aux fins du litige. Cette m\u00e9thode op\u00e9rationnelle traduit directement les exigences du RGPD dans le proc\u00e8s civil. Elle offre un mod\u00e8le reproductible pour les juges saisis de demandes similaires. La d\u00e9cision assure ainsi une preuve effective tout en prot\u00e9geant les tiers concern\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat pr\u00e9cise notablement la proc\u00e9dure de preuve en mati\u00e8re de discrimination syndicale. Il renforce les pouvoirs d’investigation du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s sur le fondement de l’article 145. La solution impose un examen en deux temps : la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de la communication puis la d\u00e9finition de son p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre minimal. Elle aligne la jurisprudence civile sur les solutions d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9gag\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re sociale. “Il r\u00e9sulte par ailleurs des articles 6 et 8 de la Convention… que le droit \u00e0 la preuve peut justifier la production d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments portant atteinte \u00e0 la vie personnelle \u00e0 la condition que cette production soit indispensable… et proportionn\u00e9e” (Cass. Deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 3 octobre 2024, n\u00b021-20.979). La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est donc majeure pour l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la preuve des discriminations syst\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision a enfin une valeur p\u00e9dagogique en d\u00e9taillant les attentes du juge. Elle rappelle que la comparaison doit porter sur des salari\u00e9s engag\u00e9s dans des conditions identiques. Elle souligne que les bulletins de paie de d\u00e9but et de fin d’ann\u00e9e sont pertinents pour tracer les \u00e9volutions. En rejetant la demande de r\u00e9capitulatifs synth\u00e9tiques, elle privil\u00e9gie l’acc\u00e8s aux documents sources. Cette approche favorise la transparence et \u00e9vite les reconstructions partiales par une partie. L’arr\u00eat constitue ainsi un guide pratique pour les praticiens et un garde-fou contre les demandes abusives. Il promeut une culture de la preuve \u00e0 la fois robuste et respectueuse des droits de chacun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 10 juillet 2025, examine une demande en communication de pi\u00e8ces dans le cadre d’une proc\u00e9dure pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 une…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d7734c299e16b8ad3253b4","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d7734c299e16b8ad3253b4","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d7734c299e16b8ad3253b4","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel d'Aix-en-Provence","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 4-7","_kj_rg":"25\/00169","_kj_date":"2025-09-26","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-660389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 10 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/00169 - 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