{"id":661524,"date":"2026-04-23T17:37:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-chambery-le-15-septembre-2025-n24-01817\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T17:37:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:37:27","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-chambery-le-15-septembre-2025-n24-01817","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-chambery-le-15-septembre-2025-n24-01817\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Chamb\u00e9ry, le 15 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/01817"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Chamb\u00e9ry, statuant le 15 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 les suites d’une opposition \u00e0 une ordonnance d’injonction de payer. L’entreprise cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re avait obtenu une injonction pour une cr\u00e9ance de 10 064,07 euros. Les d\u00e9biteurs ayant form\u00e9 opposition, la proc\u00e9dure s’est poursuivie devant la juridiction. Le tribunal a d\u00fb d\u00e9terminer les cons\u00e9quences de l’absence de constitution d’avocat par le cr\u00e9ancier notifi\u00e9. Il a constat\u00e9 l’extinction de l’instance et d\u00e9clar\u00e9 non avenue l’ordonnance initiale, condamnant le cr\u00e9ancier aux d\u00e9pens avec ex\u00e9cution provisoire.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime proc\u00e9dural applicable en cas d’opposition<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du cadre proc\u00e9doral conditionne les obligations des parties. Le tribunal a d’abord v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 si la demande relevait de la proc\u00e9dure orale sans repr\u00e9sentation obligatoire. Il a rappel\u00e9 que cette proc\u00e9dure s’applique lorsque la demande porte sur un montant inf\u00e9rieur ou \u00e9gal \u00e0 10 000 euros. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la demande initiale exc\u00e9dait ce seuil, \u00e9cartant l’application des articles 817 et 761 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. La proc\u00e9dure \u00e9crite ordinaire avec repr\u00e9sentation obligatoire \u00e9tait donc applicable. Cette qualification initiale est essentielle pour d\u00e9finir les obligations ult\u00e9rieures des parties et les cons\u00e9quences de leur inaction.<\/p>\n

L’extinction de l’instance pour d\u00e9faut de constitution d’avocat<\/p>\n

Le non-respect des obligations proc\u00e9durales entra\u00eene la sanction d’extinction. Le tribunal a appliqu\u00e9 l’article 1419 du code, pr\u00e9voyant l’extinction si le cr\u00e9ancier ne constitue pas avocat dans le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal. Le greffe avait notifi\u00e9 l’opposition au cr\u00e9ancier en l’invitant \u00e0 constituer avocat dans un d\u00e9lai de quinze jours. Le cr\u00e9ancier n’ayant pas satisfait \u00e0 cette obligation, le pr\u00e9sident a constat\u00e9 l’extinction. Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 une jurisprudence r\u00e9cente qui souligne que “le pr\u00e9sident constate l’extinction de l’instance si le cr\u00e9ancier ne constitue pas avocat dans le d\u00e9lai pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 l’article 1418” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 18 mars 2024, n\u00b023\/06601). La port\u00e9e est rigoureuse, prot\u00e9geant le principe du contradictoire.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences substantielles de l’extinction proc\u00e9durale<\/p>\n

L’extinction an\u00e9antit les effets de l’ordonnance initiale sans examen au fond. Le tribunal a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 non avenue l’injonction de payer du 23 septembre 2024. Cette d\u00e9cision ne pr\u00e9juge pas du bien-fond\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance, qui pourrait \u00eatre r\u00e9clam\u00e9e par une autre voie. Le jugement se substitue \u00e0 l’ordonnance, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article 1420 du code. La valeur de cette substitution est de clore d\u00e9finitivement la proc\u00e9dure d’injonction de payer. La solution rappelle que “le pr\u00e9sent jugement se substituant \u00e0 l’ordonnance d’injonction de payer” est l’issue normale de l’opposition (Tribunal judiciaire, le 28 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/01163). La port\u00e9e est de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en mettant un terme \u00e0 l’instance.<\/p>\n

L’incidence sur la charge des d\u00e9pens et l’ex\u00e9cution provisoire<\/p>\n

Le rejet de la proc\u00e9dure engage la responsabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re du cr\u00e9ancier. Le tribunal a condamn\u00e9 la partie perdante, le cr\u00e9ancier, aux d\u00e9pens en application de l’article 696 du code. Cette condamnation d\u00e9coule logiquement de l’\u00e9chec de sa d\u00e9marche proc\u00e9durale. Par ailleurs, l’ex\u00e9cution provisoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 ordonn\u00e9e de droit, le tribunal estimant qu’aucune incompatibilit\u00e9 avec la nature de l’affaire ne justifiait de l’\u00e9carter. Le sens est d’assurer l’effectivit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate de la d\u00e9cision, notamment pour le recouvrement des d\u00e9pens. La valeur est de pr\u00e9venir tout retard dilatoire dans l’ex\u00e9cution d’un jugement qui cl\u00f4ture une instance sans d\u00e9bat sur le fond.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Chamb\u00e9ry, statuant le 15 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 les suites d’une opposition \u00e0 une ordonnance d’injonction de payer. 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