{"id":663044,"date":"2026-04-23T20:36:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-17-fevrier-2026-n22-02524\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T20:36:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:36:47","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-17-fevrier-2026-n22-02524","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-17-fevrier-2026-n22-02524\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b022\/02524"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en la forme des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, a rendu une ordonnance de mise en \u00e9tat le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026. L’affaire concernait un litige relatif \u00e0 la vente d’un v\u00e9hicule pr\u00e9sentant une d\u00e9faillance m\u00e9canique. Le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi de plusieurs demandes incidentes, dont une demande provisionnelle li\u00e9e \u00e0 un vice cach\u00e9 et une demande d’expertise. La juridiction a rejet\u00e9 l’ensemble de ces demandes et a prononc\u00e9 la jonction de plusieurs instances. Elle a \u00e9galement condamn\u00e9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 vendeuse aux d\u00e9pens et \u00e0 des frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation des pouvoirs du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence limit\u00e9e du juge des mesures d’instruction. L’ordonnance rappelle avec pr\u00e9cision le cadre l\u00e9gal des pouvoirs du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat. Le texte souligne que ce magistrat est “seul comp\u00e9tent, \u00e0 l\u2019exclusion de toute autre formation du tribunal, notamment pour accorder une provision au cr\u00e9ancier lorsque l’existence de l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable” (article 789 du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile). Cette comp\u00e9tence d’attribution est strictement interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e. Le juge pr\u00e9cise qu’il “ne peut apporter d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation au fond” et qu’il n’entre pas dans ses pouvoirs de “se prononcer sur le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mises en cause”. Cette lecture restrictive vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la s\u00e9paration des phases d’instruction et de jugement au fond.<\/p>\n

Le refus de statuer sur une demande provisionnelle li\u00e9e \u00e0 un vice cach\u00e9. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’expertise a conclu \u00e0 un d\u00e9faut rendant le v\u00e9hicule impropre \u00e0 l’usage. Malgr\u00e9 cela, le juge estime que la demande provisionnelle, qui visait la restitution du prix, “n\u00e9cessitent une appr\u00e9ciation au fond de l\u2019affaire”. Cette solution est renforc\u00e9e par le contexte de la proc\u00e9dure de sauvegarde du vendeur. La d\u00e9cision illustre ainsi que la simple existence d’un rapport d’expertise ne suffit pas \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le caract\u00e8re non s\u00e9rieusement contestable de l’obligation. La provision est refus\u00e9e car son octroi empi\u00e9terait sur l’appr\u00e9ciation souveraine du tribunal statuant au fond.<\/p>\n

L’administration de la preuve et le rejet des mesures d’instruction<\/p>\n

Le refus d’ordonner une nouvelle expertise judiciaire. Le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat applique strictement les conditions pos\u00e9es par le code de proc\u00e9dure civile pour ordonner une mesure d’instruction. Il rappelle qu’une telle mesure ne peut \u00eatre ordonn\u00e9e “en vue de suppl\u00e9er la carence de la partie dans l’administration de la preuve” (article 146 du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile). En l’esp\u00e8ce, un rapport d’expertise judiciaire ant\u00e9rieur existe et a \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9 contradictoirement. La juridiction estime donc disposer “d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisants pour statuer au fond”. Ce raisonnement \u00e9vite les d\u00e9lais et les co\u00fbts d’une mesure redondante, pr\u00e9servant l’efficacit\u00e9 de la proc\u00e9dure.<\/p>\n

La gestion des incidents de communication et l’appr\u00e9ciation des pi\u00e8ces. La demande de communication de pi\u00e8ces est \u00e9galement rejet\u00e9e. Le juge constate que les pi\u00e8ces invoqu\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9es au bordereau de l’assignation et port\u00e9es \u00e0 la connaissance de la partie adverse. Cette appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te du contradictoire effectif d\u00e9montre une application pragmatique des r\u00e8gles. Elle \u00e9vite de multiplier les incidents proc\u00e9duraux sur des points qui n’affectent pas substantiellement les droits de la d\u00e9fense. La solution privil\u00e9gie la c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l’instruction tout en garantissant le principe fondamental du contradictoire.<\/p>\n

Cette ordonnance offre une illustration rigoureuse du r\u00f4le du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat. Elle en rappelle les limites, en refusant toute appr\u00e9ciation au fond m\u00eame face \u00e0 un expert concluant \u00e0 un vice. Comme le pr\u00e9cise une jurisprudence, “quatre conditions doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9unies pour la mise en \u0153uvre de la garantie des vices cach\u00e9s” (Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Brieuc, le 26 janvier 2026, n\u00b024\/02217). L’appr\u00e9ciation de ces conditions rel\u00e8ve du fond. La d\u00e9cision prot\u00e8ge ainsi la s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs au sein de la juridiction. Elle assure \u00e9galement une instruction efficace en rejetant les demandes d’expertise inutiles. Cette rigueur proc\u00e9durale guide les parties vers un d\u00e9bat au fond sur la responsabilit\u00e9, notamment quant \u00e0 l’exclusion contractuelle de garantie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en la forme des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, a rendu une ordonnance de mise en \u00e9tat le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026. L’affaire concernait un litige …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68f2aedee97b8c182997a4eb","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68f2aedee97b8c182997a4eb","_kj_judilibre_id":"68f2aedee97b8c182997a4eb","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le Civil section 2","_kj_rg":"22\/02524","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-663044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b022\/02524 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en la forme des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, a rendu une ordonnance de mise en \u00e9tat le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026. 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