{"id":663887,"date":"2026-04-23T21:47:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-appel-damiens-le-25-septembre-2025-n23-00649\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T21:47:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:47:10","slug":"cour-dappel-de-appel-damiens-le-25-septembre-2025-n23-00649","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-appel-damiens-le-25-septembre-2025-n23-00649\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de appel d’Amiens, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00649"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Cour d’appel de Paris, chambre commerciale, rendant un arr\u00eat de reformation partielle le 25 septembre 2025. L’affaire concerne un important chantier de construction et les litiges n\u00e9s entre le ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage, l’entrepreneur principal et plusieurs sous-traitants. La proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire de l’entrepreneur principal complexifie les relations financi\u00e8res. Les questions portent sur la validit\u00e9 d’une substitution de ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage, le r\u00e8glement des comptes contractuels, l’\u00e9tendue des garanties l\u00e9gales et le r\u00e9gime des d\u00e9l\u00e9gations de paiement au profit des sous-traitants. La cour r\u00e9forme le jugement en infirmant la condamnation de l’ancien ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage et en pr\u00e9cisant les obligations de chacun.<\/p>\n

La substitution du ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage et ses cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales<\/p>\n

La qualification d’une d\u00e9claration de cr\u00e9ance conservatoire<\/p>\n

L’ancien ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage a form\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration de cr\u00e9ance apr\u00e8s sa substitution. Cette d\u00e9marche visait \u00e0 pr\u00e9server ses droits face \u00e0 une \u00e9ventuelle contestation. La cour estime que cette action proc\u00e9durale \u00e9tait justifi\u00e9e par l’incertitude initiale. Elle rejette donc l’id\u00e9e d’une faute ou d’une intention de nuire \u00e0 l’entrepreneur. La d\u00e9cision consacre le droit pour une partie de prot\u00e9ger ses int\u00e9r\u00eats dans un contexte incertain. Cette solution \u00e9vite une forclusion tout en sanctionnant les abus manifestes.<\/p>\n

L’absence de faute dans l’exercice des voies de recours<\/p>\n

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en redressement judiciaire invoquait un abus de droit. Elle reprochait \u00e0 l’ancien ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage d’avoir artificiellement alourdi son passif. La cour \u00e9carte cette argumentation en l’absence d’intention malveillante. “Les d\u00e9clarations de cr\u00e9ances \u00e9tant intervenues dans l’intention de pr\u00e9server les droits du ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage […] il n’y a pas lieu de consid\u00e9rer que la double d\u00e9claration de cr\u00e9ances ait \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9e dans l’intention de nuire” (Motifs). Cette analyse prot\u00e8ge l’acc\u00e8s au juge contre les accusations infond\u00e9es. Elle exige une d\u00e9monstration probante de la volont\u00e9 de nuire pour condamner.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e8glement des comptes entre les parties contractantes<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9valuation des cr\u00e9ances r\u00e9ciproques et des p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s<\/p>\n

Le diff\u00e9rend principal concerne le solde du march\u00e9 et les p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s de retard. Les parties s’opposaient sur l’int\u00e9gration de travaux suppl\u00e9mentaires au d\u00e9compte. La cour retient que les p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s, bien que contractuellement plafonn\u00e9es, sont dues. Elle fixe leur montant \u00e0 180 000 euros conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 un accord ant\u00e9rieur. “Il est amplement \u00e9tabli par les courriers \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre les parties que celles-ci s’\u00e9taient mises d’accord sur l’application de p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s plafonn\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de la somme de 180000 euros” (Motifs). Cette solution assure la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des conventions tout en utilisant le pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur du juge.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des demandes fond\u00e9es sur les garanties l\u00e9gales<\/p>\n

Le ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage invoquait la garantie d\u00e9cennale et la garantie de parfait ach\u00e8vement. La cour souligne l’absence de justification des d\u00e9sordres all\u00e9gu\u00e9s et de leur co\u00fbt. Elle rappelle que “sont pris en compte […] les d\u00e9sordres apparus et d\u00e9nonc\u00e9s dans l’ann\u00e9e de la r\u00e9ception” (Motifs). Les estimations unilat\u00e9rales et les expertises non contradictoires sont \u00e9cart\u00e9es. Cette rigueur probatoire prot\u00e8ge le constructeur contre des r\u00e9clamations sp\u00e9culatives. Elle rappelle que la garantie d\u00e9cennale ne couvre que les dommages compromettant la solidit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime des d\u00e9l\u00e9gations de paiement et de l’action directe<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e de la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de paiement consentie<\/p>\n

Les sous-traitants b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaient de d\u00e9l\u00e9gations de paiement pr\u00e9cises quant \u00e0 leur montant. La cour en limite strictement la port\u00e9e aux sommes express\u00e9ment mentionn\u00e9es. “L’engagement ne porte donc que sur le montant du march\u00e9 indiqu\u00e9 dans la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de paiement sign\u00e9e par les trois parties” (Motifs). Cette lecture stricte prot\u00e8ge le ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage contre l’extension impr\u00e9vue de son engagement. Elle oblige \u00e0 formaliser tout avenant financier pour les travaux suppl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n

Le succ\u00e8s de l’action directe des sous-traitants agr\u00e9\u00e9s<\/p>\n

Les sous-traitants ont \u00e9galement exerc\u00e9 leur action directe avec succ\u00e8s. La cour rappelle les conditions de cette action : agr\u00e9ment, mise en demeure de l’entrepreneur et cr\u00e9ance du ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage. Elle constate que ces conditions \u00e9taient remises en l’esp\u00e8ce. “Le sous-traitant ne peut mettre en oeuvre l’action directe que si lors de l’envoi de la mise en demeure le ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage \u00e9tait encore d\u00e9biteur de l’entrepreneur principal” (Motifs). Cette solution assure la protection des sous-traitants malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9faillance de l’entrepreneur. Elle s\u00e9curise ainsi la cha\u00eene des paiements dans le secteur de la construction.<\/p>\n

L’arr\u00eat op\u00e8re une clarification essentielle des relations multipartites en droit de la construction. Il rappelle avec rigueur les conditions d’exercice de l’action directe et les limites de la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de paiement. La solution prot\u00e8ge efficacement les sous-traitants tout en encadrant strictement les obligations du ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage. La cour fait preuve d’un pragmatisme notable en mati\u00e8re probatoire, exigeant des justifications concr\u00e8tes pour les r\u00e9serves et les d\u00e9sordres all\u00e9gu\u00e9s. Cet arr\u00eat renforce la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des op\u00e9rations complexes en pr\u00e9cisant les effets d’une substitution de ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage en cours de proc\u00e9dure collective.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel de Paris, chambre commerciale, rendant un arr\u00eat de reformation partielle le 25 septembre 2025. 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