{"id":665536,"date":"2026-04-23T23:58:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-nice-le-19-decembre-2023-n23-02049\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T23:58:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:58:52","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-nice-le-19-decembre-2023-n23-02049","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-nice-le-19-decembre-2023-n23-02049\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Nice, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, n\u00b023\/02049"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Nice, statuant le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par deux h\u00e9ritiers d’une succession. Ces derniers reprochaient au notaire en charge des op\u00e9rations une r\u00e9partition erron\u00e9e du produit de la vente de biens indivis et une carence persistante dans l’information. Le tribunal a retenu la responsabilit\u00e9 du notaire pour faute mais a limit\u00e9 l’indemnisation au seul pr\u00e9judice moral subi par les h\u00e9ritiers, d\u00e9boutant l’un d’eux sur son pr\u00e9judice financier.<\/p>\n

La qualification fautive des agissements du notaire<\/p>\n

La distribution unilat\u00e9rale des fonds indivis constitue une faute. Le notaire a reconnu avoir proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la vente de deux biens et remis les fonds aux h\u00e9ritiers selon des cl\u00e9s de r\u00e9partition diff\u00e9rentes. Il a lui-m\u00eame indiqu\u00e9 qu’un h\u00e9ritier “appara\u00eet avoir per\u00e7u une somme d’environ 35 000 euros en exc\u00e8s de ses droits” (page 3 de ses conclusions). Le tribunal a jug\u00e9 que cette distribution, en l’absence d’instructions contraires, \u00e9quivalait \u00e0 un acte de partage, f\u00fbt-il partiel. Un tel acte impliquait imp\u00e9rativement que les sommes vers\u00e9es correspondent exactement aux droits de chacun dans l’indivision. Cette analyse rejoint la vigilance exig\u00e9e dans les op\u00e9rations de partage, o\u00f9 le notaire ne peut se d\u00e9charger de son r\u00f4le actif dans l’\u00e9valuation. “Il ne pouvait pas en effet, comme l’a retenu le tribunal, se d\u00e9charger de toute responsabilit\u00e9 dans cette \u00e9valuation en laissant les parties et elles seules la fixer sans v\u00e9rifier l’actualit\u00e9 de cette \u00e9valuation” (Cour d’appel de Fort-de-France, le 27 mai 2025, n\u00b022\/00115). La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est de rappeler que toute distribution de fonds indivis par un notaire engage sa responsabilit\u00e9 professionnelle.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9faut d’information et de communication aggrave la faute. Le notaire avait promis dans un courriel d’adresser “les d\u00e9comptes d\u00e9finitifs dans les quinze jours”. Malgr\u00e9 de multiples relances \u00e9crites des h\u00e9ritiers sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es, il n’a jamais fourni ces comptes ni pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 l’ampleur exacte de son erreur. Le tribunal rel\u00e8ve qu'”en d\u00e9pit de l’assignation et la proc\u00e9dure qui s’en est suivie, M. [R] n’a toujours pas indiqu\u00e9 aux deux h\u00e9ritiers la mesure exacte de cette erreur”. Cette inertie a laiss\u00e9 les h\u00e9ritiers dans un \u00e9tat d’incertitude prolong\u00e9e, constitutif d’un pr\u00e9judice moral distinct. Cette carence dans l’ex\u00e9cution des engagements pris et dans la communication avec les clients caract\u00e9rise un manquement aux obligations d\u00e9ontologiques fondamentales de la profession.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9paration limit\u00e9e aux pr\u00e9judices certains<\/p>\n

L’absence de preuve d’un pr\u00e9judice financier actuel. Le demandeur r\u00e9clamait trente mille euros correspondant \u00e0 la somme vers\u00e9e en exc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’autre h\u00e9ritier. Le tribunal constate qu’aucun \u00e9tat complet des successions n’est produit. Il note que l’actif successoral d\u00e9clar\u00e9 incluait des liquidit\u00e9s importantes et que le demandeur lui-m\u00eame indique que la totalit\u00e9 des fonds de la vente n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 remise. D\u00e8s lors, “il sera jug\u00e9 que M. [A] ne d\u00e9montre pas avoir subi un pr\u00e9judice financier \u00e0 hauteur de 30 000 euros”. Le pr\u00e9judice p\u00e9cuniaire n’est pas certain car le partage global n’\u00e9tant pas intervenu, une compensation entre h\u00e9ritiers reste possible sur les autres biens de la succession. Cette solution souligne l’exigence d’un pr\u00e9judice actuel et certain pour obtenir r\u00e9paration, conform\u00e9ment aux principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile.<\/p>\n

La reconnaissance et l’\u00e9valuation \u00e9quitable du pr\u00e9judice moral. En revanche, le tribunal retient que “l’erreur de M. [R] a n\u00e9cessairement caus\u00e9 \u00e0 M. [A] l’impression d’\u00eatre l\u00e9s\u00e9 dans la succession”. L’incertitude persistante sur les droits de chacun, entretenue par le silence du notaire, g\u00e9n\u00e8re une anxiit\u00e9 et un sentiment d’injustice. Il \u00e9value ce pr\u00e9judice moral \u00e0 six mille euros pour l’un et quatre mille euros pour l’autre, “en l’absence de pi\u00e8ces produites par ceux-ci de nature \u00e0 en pr\u00e9ciser l’importance”. Le jugement pr\u00e9cise que cette \u00e9valuation est arr\u00eat\u00e9e au jour de la d\u00e9cision, le pr\u00e9judice persistant tant que les comptes ne sont pas communiqu\u00e9s. Cette indemnisation symbolique mais significative sanctionne le manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de conseil et de loyaut\u00e9 envers les clients, reconnu comme source d’un pr\u00e9judice non patrimonial.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Nice, statuant le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par deux h\u00e9ritiers d’une succession. Ces derniers reprochaient au notaire en charge…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d59ad6876d446c8f497fbd","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d59ad6876d446c8f497fbd","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d59ad6876d446c8f497fbd","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Nanterre","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre","_kj_rg":"23\/02049","_kj_date":"2025-09-24","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-665536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Nice, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, n\u00b023\/02049 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Nice, statuant le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par deux h\u00e9ritiers d'une succession. 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