{"id":666555,"date":"2026-04-24T01:44:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T23:44:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-23-septembre-2025-n25-00305\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T19:35:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T17:35:30","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-23-septembre-2025-n25-00305","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-23-septembre-2025-n25-00305\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00305"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 23 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en remboursement form\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution<\/a>. Cette derni\u00e8re avait garanti un pr\u00eat immobilier contract\u00e9 en 2008 par deux emprunteurs solidaires, devenus d\u00e9faillants. Apr\u00e8s avoir pay\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ance, la caution agit en recours contre les d\u00e9biteurs principaux. Le juge admet l’ensemble des demandes de la caution, y compris le remboursement du principal, les frais d’honoraires d’avocat et les frais d’une mesure conservatoire.<\/p>\n

Le fondement l\u00e9gal du recours de la caution<\/p>\n

Le juge applique le droit ancien au contrat de cautionnement conclu en 2008. Il rappelle le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi nouvelle aux contrats en cours. Les effets du cautionnement demeurent ainsi r\u00e9gis par les dispositions en vigueur lors de sa conclusion. Cette solution assure la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique et la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 des engagements contractuels. Elle confirme la force obligatoire des conventions l\u00e9galement form\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Le recours personnel de la caution est express\u00e9ment fond\u00e9 sur l’ancien article 2305 du code civil. Le tribunal cite int\u00e9gralement ce texte pour \u00e9tablir l’\u00e9tendue du recours. “la caution qui a pay\u00e9 a son recours contre le d\u00e9biteur principal […] tant pour le principal que pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats et les frais” (ancien article 2305 du code civil). Cette citation d\u00e9limite strictement le champ d’application de l’action en remboursement. La d\u00e9cision s’inscrit en coh\u00e9rence avec une jurisprudence constante sur ce point.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tendue des sommes r\u00e9cup\u00e9rables par la caution<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision valide le remboursement des frais d’honoraires d’avocat expos\u00e9s pour l’instance. Le juge consid\u00e8re ces frais comme inclus dans la notion de “frais” vis\u00e9e par l’ancien article 2305. Cette interpr\u00e9tation extensive favorise l’indemnisation int\u00e9grale de la caution ayant agi en justice. Elle rejoint une solution d\u00e9j\u00e0 retenue par d’autres juridictions. “Elle a aussi recours pour les dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats, s’il y a lieu” (ancien article 2305 du code civil). La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise ainsi les composantes de la cr\u00e9ance de la caution.<\/p>\n

Les frais li\u00e9s \u00e0 une mesure conservatoire sont \u00e9galement mis \u00e0 la charge des d\u00e9biteurs. Le tribunal applique l’article L.512-2 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d’ex\u00e9cution. Ces frais sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme accessoires \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure de recouvrement. Leur condamnation renforce l’efficacit\u00e9 des actions men\u00e9es par la caution. Elle garantit que les mesures protectrices de ses droits ne lui seront pas financi\u00e8rement pr\u00e9judiciables. Cette approche assure une protection pratique et \u00e9conomique de la partie ayant ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 son engagement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 23 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en remboursement form\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution. Cette derni\u00e8re avait gar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68f2af1be97b8c182997ac04","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68f2af1be97b8c182997ac04","_kj_judilibre_id":"68f2af1be97b8c182997ac04","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le Civil section 2","_kj_rg":"25\/00305","_kj_date":"2025-09-23","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7096,7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-666555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-code-des-assurances","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00305 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 23 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en remboursement form\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution. 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