{"id":667030,"date":"2026-04-24T02:37:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bergerac-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-00832\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T19:38:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T17:38:43","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-bergerac-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-00832","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bergerac-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-00832\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Bergerac, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00832"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de premi\u00e8re instance, dans un jugement du vingt-trois septembre deux mille vingt-cinq, statue sur une demande en remboursement d’op\u00e9rations de paiement non autoris\u00e9es. L’utilisateur du service contestait trois paiements valid\u00e9s via le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 3D Secure apr\u00e8s un contact t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique suspect. Le tribunal rejette sa demande, estimant qu’il a commis une n\u00e9gligence grave en communiquant ses donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il pr\u00e9cise les conditions de la preuve et de la responsabilit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de paiement \u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9partition de la charge de la preuve en cas de contestation<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle le principe fondamental gouvernant la preuve des op\u00e9rations de paiement. La loi impose une charge probatoire sp\u00e9cifique au prestataire de services lorsque l’utilisateur conteste une op\u00e9ration. “Il incombe \u00e0 son prestataire de service de paiement de prouver que l’op\u00e9ration en question a \u00e9t\u00e9 authentifi\u00e9e, d\u00fbment enregistr\u00e9e et comptabilis\u00e9e et qu’elle n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9e par une d\u00e9ficience technique ou autre” (article L133-23 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier). Cette disposition prot\u00e8ge l’utilisateur, plac\u00e9 en position de faiblesse technique.<\/p>\n

La simple production d’un enregistrement technique par la banque ne suffit pas \u00e0 constituer une preuve d\u00e9finitive. Le texte l\u00e9gal pr\u00e9cise en effet que “l’utilisation de l’instrument de paiement telle qu’enregistr\u00e9e par le prestataire de services de paiement ne suffit pas n\u00e9cessairement en tant que telle \u00e0 prouver que l’op\u00e9ration a \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e par le payeur” (article L133-23 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier). La jurisprudence confirme cette interpr\u00e9tation protectrice des consommateurs. “Il ne saurait \u00eatre possible d’introduire contractuellement une pr\u00e9somption de r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l’op\u00e9ration de paiement qui aurait pour effet d’exon\u00e9rer le prestataire de services” (tribunal de commerce<\/a> de Paris, le 1 avril 2025, n\u00b02023067456). La banque doit donc rapporter une preuve qualitative au-del\u00e0 du simple enregistrement automatique.<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation de la n\u00e9gligence grave de l’utilisateur<\/p>\n

Le droit pr\u00e9voit une exception au principe du remboursement en cas de faute de l’utilisateur. Le payeur supporte les pertes s’il n’a pas satisfait intentionnellement ou par n\u00e9gligence grave \u00e0 ses obligations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. “Le prestataire des services de paiement ne peut s’exon\u00e9rer du remboursement que s’il parvient \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer l’agissement frauduleux ou la n\u00e9gligence grave du payeur” (article L133-19 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier). La charge de prouver cette faute incombe donc \u00e0 l’\u00e9tablissement financier.<\/p>\n

En l’esp\u00e8ce, le tribunal retient la qualification de n\u00e9gligence grave sur la base du comportement du client. Celui-ci a valid\u00e9 des demandes de code \u00e0 la suite d’un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique non sollicit\u00e9. “En validant \u00e0 distance les demandes de codes Certicode Plus sous les instructions d’un interlocuteur se pr\u00e9sentant comme op\u00e9rateur \u00e0 la Banque postale, [il] a n\u00e9cessairement communiqu\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es de ses instruments de paiement, ce qui constitue une n\u00e9gligence grave”. Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure de la Cour de cassation. “Manque, par n\u00e9gligence grave, \u00e0 son obligation de pr\u00e9server la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de ses dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 l’utilisateur qui communique les donn\u00e9es personnelles de ce dispositif en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un courriel qui contient des indices permettant \u00e0 un utilisateur normalement attentif de douter de sa provenance” (Cass. Chambre commerciale financi\u00e8re et \u00e9conomique, le 28 mars 2018, n\u00b016-20.018). La vigilance active requise du client est ainsi r\u00e9affirm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision illustre l’\u00e9quilibre d\u00e9licat entre protection du consommateur et responsabilisation personnelle. Elle rappelle que la charge de la preuve technique p\u00e8se sur la banque, mais que cette preuve peut \u00eatre rapport\u00e9e par tout moyen. La caract\u00e9risation de la n\u00e9gligence grave d\u00e9pend des circonstances concr\u00e8tes et du comportement d’un utilisateur normalement attentif. Le jugement sanctionne ainsi une confiance excessive dans un interlocuteur non authentifi\u00e9, renfor\u00e7ant l’obligation de vigilance dans un environnement num\u00e9rique risqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de premi\u00e8re instance, dans un jugement du vingt-trois septembre deux mille vingt-cinq, statue sur une demande en remboursement d’op\u00e9ra…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9633,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d440666a4025c174c3f652","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d440666a4025c174c3f652","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d440666a4025c174c3f652","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Bergerac","_kj_chambre":"1ere chambre proc orale","_kj_rg":"24\/00832","_kj_date":"2025-09-23","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-667030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Bergerac, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00832 - 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