{"id":667037,"date":"2026-04-24T02:37:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-23-septembre-2025-n25-00139\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T19:38:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T17:38:43","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-23-septembre-2025-n25-00139","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-23-septembre-2025-n25-00139\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00139"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 23 septembre 2025, examine une demande d’expulsion d’un locataire commercial. Le bailleur a notifi\u00e9 un cong\u00e9 avec refus de renouvellement et d’indemnit\u00e9 d’\u00e9viction. Le locataire conteste la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du d\u00e9lai de pr\u00e9avis et le bien-fond\u00e9 du refus d’indemnit\u00e9. Le juge rejette la demande d’expulsion, estimant que le d\u00e9lai de cong\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 respect\u00e9 mais qu’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse entoure le refus d’indemnit\u00e9 d’\u00e9viction. Il d\u00e9boute \u00e9galement le bailleur de sa demande d’indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 formelle du cong\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie d’abord le respect du d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal de notification. L’article L.145-9 du code de commerce impose un cong\u00e9 donn\u00e9 six mois avant l’expiration du bail. Le locataire produit des actes manuscrits indiquant une remise le 30 d\u00e9cembre 2024. Le bailleur oppose des actes dactylographi\u00e9s dat\u00e9s du 30 septembre 2024, corrobor\u00e9s par un courriel du commissaire de justice. Le juge retient la date du 30 septembre, consid\u00e9rant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments produits comme plus fiables. Il constate ainsi le respect des prescriptions l\u00e9gales, \u00e9cartant la nullit\u00e9 du cong\u00e9 sur ce point. Cette analyse souligne l’importance de la fiabilit\u00e9 des preuves de la date de signification. La d\u00e9cision rappelle que la charge de la preuve incombe \u00e0 la partie qui invoque l’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9. La jurisprudence confirme cette exigence de r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 formelle. “D\u2019autre part, le cong\u00e9 ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 6 mois avant l\u2019expiration du bail, il respecte les dispositions de l\u2019article L. 145-9 du code de commerce” (Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 19 mars 2026, n\u00b024\/04120). La port\u00e9e est pratique, incitant \u00e0 une grande rigueur dans l’\u00e9tablissement des actes de signification.<\/p>\n

L’obstacle substantiel \u00e0 l’expulsion<\/p>\n

Le juge examine ensuite la contestation li\u00e9e au refus d’indemnit\u00e9 d’\u00e9viction. L’article L.145-28 du code de commerce interdit l’expulsion avant paiement de cette indemnit\u00e9 si le locataire y a droit. Le bailleur refuse toute indemnit\u00e9, invoquant des motifs graves et l\u00e9gitimes au sens de l’article L.145-17. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s estime ne pas avoir le pouvoir d’appr\u00e9cier le bien-fond\u00e9 de ce refus. Cette appr\u00e9ciation rel\u00e8ve du juge du fond, saisi dans le d\u00e9lai de prescription<\/a> biennale. La simple contestation du refus cr\u00e9e donc une contestation s\u00e9rieuse faisant obstacle \u00e0 l’expulsion en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Le sens est la protection du locataire contre un \u00e9viction pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9e. La valeur est proc\u00e9durale, distinguant nettement les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s de ceux du juge du fond. La port\u00e9e est majeure, suspendant toute mesure d’expulsion tant que la question de l’indemnit\u00e9 n’est pas tranch\u00e9e au fond. Cela garantit l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 indemnit\u00e9 du locataire commercial \u00e9vinc\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 23 septembre 2025, examine une demande d’expulsion d’un locataire commercial. 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