{"id":667595,"date":"2026-04-24T03:36:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T01:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-19-mars-2024-n24-03706\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T03:36:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T01:36:10","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-19-mars-2024-n24-03706","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-19-mars-2024-n24-03706\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 19 mars 2024, n\u00b024\/03706"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, le 19 mars 2024, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige locatif opposant des locataires \u00e0 leur bailleur. Les premiers demandaient des provisions pour pr\u00e9judice de jouissance et le remboursement de charges. Le bailleur sollicitait une provision pour pr\u00e9judice moral. La cour a confirm\u00e9 l’ordonnance de premi\u00e8re instance accordant des provisions pour pr\u00e9judice de jouissance. Elle a rejet\u00e9 les autres demandes des parties, estimant qu’elles se heurtaient \u00e0 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime de la provision en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 pour obligation non s\u00e9rieusement contestable<\/p>\n

Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s peut accorder une provision lorsque l’obligation du d\u00e9biteur n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Cette notion couvre toutes les sources de l’obligation, qu’elles soient contractuelles ou d\u00e9lictuelles. Le juge doit toutefois pr\u00e9ciser l’origine de la cr\u00e9ance sur laquelle il fonde sa d\u00e9cision. Il appr\u00e9cie souverainement le montant de la provision \u00e0 allouer au cr\u00e9ancier. La contestation est s\u00e9rieuse si statuer obligerait \u00e0 trancher pr\u00e9alablement l’existence d’un droit. Elle l’est \u00e9galement si la d\u00e9cision porterait sur le fond du litige, comme la validit\u00e9 d’un acte.<\/p>\n

L’application de ce principe au manquement du bailleur \u00e0 son obligation de d\u00e9livrance est ici d\u00e9montr\u00e9e. En mati\u00e8re de bail, le bailleur est tenu de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent et d’en assurer la jouissance paisible. La mauvaise ex\u00e9cution de cette obligation contractuelle ouvre droit \u00e0 des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s ne peut statuer sur une demande d’indemnisation d\u00e9finitive. Il peut n\u00e9anmoins accorder une provision si le pr\u00e9judice est certain et incontestable. La cour rappelle ainsi les limites de la comp\u00e9tence du juge de l’\u00e9vidence. Elle en pr\u00e9cise les conditions d’intervention pour les obligations n\u00e9es de la loi du 6 juillet 1989.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te de l’absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse<\/p>\n

La cour applique ces principes aux diff\u00e9rents chefs de demande. Pour le pr\u00e9judice de jouissance li\u00e9 aux infiltrations, l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Les d\u00e9sordres sont constat\u00e9s par un rapport de visite et ne sont pas contest\u00e9s par le bailleur. “Les d\u00e9sordres relatifs aux infiltrations par la toiture d\u00e9crits dans le rapport de visite […] le 29 mars 2024 ne sont pas contest\u00e9s par le bailleur et le manquement \u00e0 son obligation de d\u00e9livrance d’un logement d\u00e9cent n’est donc pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable.” (Motifs) La cour \u00e9carte l’argument tir\u00e9 de la non-qualification d’insalubrit\u00e9. Elle rel\u00e8ve que les locataires ont alert\u00e9 le bailleur d\u00e8s 2023. Une provision de 3 000 euros est donc justifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Concernant les dysfonctionnements d’eau chaude et de chauffage, la situation est similaire. Le bailleur reconna\u00eet lui-m\u00eame une diminution de distribution durant deux mois. Un cr\u00e9dit accord\u00e9 correspond au remboursement de frais, non \u00e0 une indemnisation. “Ce cr\u00e9dit correspond au remboursement d’une partie des frais d’eau chaude […] et aucunement \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration de leur pr\u00e9judice de jouissance.” (Motifs) L’existence d’un pr\u00e9judice li\u00e9 \u00e0 ces manquements n’est donc pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. La cour confirme la provision de 400 euros accord\u00e9e par le premier juge pour ce chef.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision sur les autres demandes<\/p>\n

La demande de remboursement des charges locatives se heurte \u00e0 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse. La cour rappelle la jurisprudence exigeant des d\u00e9comptes individualis\u00e9s et d\u00e9taill\u00e9s. “Les d\u00e9comptes doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9taill\u00e9s par nature de charge et \u00eatre individualis\u00e9s, la production de d\u00e9comptes collectifs […] ne r\u00e9pondant pas aux exigences de la loi” (Motifs) En l’esp\u00e8ce, le tableau produit montre des variations importantes non justifi\u00e9es. La cour ne dispose pas des fichiers pour v\u00e9rifier si le contr\u00f4le est impossible. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments cr\u00e9ent un doute sur l’issue du litige au fond. Il existe donc une contestation s\u00e9rieuse s’opposant \u00e0 l’octroi d’une provision.<\/p>\n

La demande de communication des d\u00e9comptes pour 2023 et 2024 est rejet\u00e9e. Le bailleur doit tenir les justificatifs \u00e0 la disposition du locataire. Les locataires ne d\u00e9montrent pas qu’un obstacle a \u00e9t\u00e9 oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 leur consultation. La demande de provision pour pr\u00e9judice moral du bailleur est \u00e9galement rejet\u00e9e. L’existence de cette obligation se heurte \u00e0 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse. Sa caract\u00e9risation rel\u00e8ve du juge du fond. La d\u00e9cision d\u00e9limite ainsi strictement le champ du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle r\u00e9serve \u00e0 l’instance au fond l’examen des questions complexes ou incertaines.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision illustre la rigueur de l’appr\u00e9ciation de la contestation s\u00e9rieuse. Elle confirme que le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 provisionnel n’est pas une anticipation du jugement au fond. La cour op\u00e8re un filtrage minutieux entre ce qui est \u00e9vident et ce qui ne l’est pas. Elle renforce la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en cantonnant le juge de l’\u00e9vidence \u00e0 son r\u00f4le. La solution s’inscrit dans la lign\u00e9e de la jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure sur l’article 835 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle en pr\u00e9cise l’application dans le contentieux complexe des charges locatives et de l’indemnisation du pr\u00e9judice de jouissance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, le 19 mars 2024, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige locatif opposant des locataires \u00e0 leur bailleur. Les premiers demandaient des provisions po…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-667595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 19 mars 2024, n\u00b024\/03706 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Paris, le 19 mars 2024, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige locatif opposant des locataires \u00e0 leur bailleur. 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