{"id":667633,"date":"2026-04-24T03:37:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T01:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-19-mars-2025-n24-01467\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T18:50:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T16:50:59","slug":"cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-19-mars-2025-n24-01467","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-19-mars-2025-n24-01467\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 19 mars 2025, n\u00b024\/01467"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 19 mars 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une question de recevabilit\u00e9. Le litige opposait un preneur \u00e0 son bailleur suite au renouvellement d’un bail commercial<\/a>. Le preneur demandait la restitution d’une partie des loyers vers\u00e9s durant le bail initial, invoquant une clause contractuelle. Le tribunal avait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’action irrecevable au visa de la prescription biennale de l’article L. 145-60 du code de commerce. La cour d’appel devait d\u00e9terminer si ce d\u00e9lai sp\u00e9cial s’appliquait \u00e0 la demande pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e. Elle a infirm\u00e9 l’ordonnance et d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’action recevable, relevant la prescription quinquennale de droit commun.<\/p>\n

Le champ d’application limit\u00e9 de la prescription sp\u00e9ciale<\/p>\n

La cour d\u00e9limite strictement le domaine de la prescription biennale. Elle rappelle que ce d\u00e9lai ne concerne que les actions mettant en jeu le statut des baux commerciaux. L’analyse de la demande r\u00e9v\u00e8le une action en restitution fond\u00e9e sur le contrat. “La prescription biennale de l’article L. 145-60 du code civil aux termes duquel les actions exerc\u00e9es en vertu du chapitre V du titre IV se prescrivent par deux ans, ne s’applique pas aux actions qui ne mettent pas en jeu les dispositions du statut des baux commerciaux.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette interpr\u00e9tation restrictive prot\u00e8ge le droit commun des prescriptions. Elle \u00e9vite une extension injustifi\u00e9e des r\u00e8gles sp\u00e9ciales du statut.<\/p>\n

La nature contractuelle de la demande exclut l’application du statut. La cour souligne que le litige porte sur la fixation du loyer initial. “Sa demande revient, \u00e0 travers la restitution d’une partie des sommes qu’elle a pay\u00e9es au cours du bail initial, \u00e0 trancher un litige qui porte sur la fixation du loyer initial, laquelle n’est pas r\u00e9gie par le statut des baux commerciaux” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette distinction est essentielle pour qualifier l’action. La libert\u00e9 contractuelle pr\u00e9vaut pour le loyer initial, \u00e0 l’inverse des r\u00e8gles imp\u00e9ratives sur la r\u00e9vision. La cour \u00e9carte ainsi toute confusion avec une clause d’indexation soumise au statut.<\/p>\n

La cons\u00e9quence proc\u00e9durale : le retour au droit commun<\/p>\n

L’exclusion du statut entra\u00eene l’application de la prescription de droit commun. La cour constate l’erreur du premier juge sur ce point. “Il s’ensuit que c’est \u00e0 tort que le premier juge a appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 cette action la prescription biennale au lieu de la prescription de droit commun pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article 2224 du code civil.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Ce revirement permet de sauver l’action du preneur. Le d\u00e9lai de cinq ans offre une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique renforc\u00e9e aux parties. Il respecte le principe selon lequel les prescriptions sp\u00e9ciales sont d’interpr\u00e9tation stricte.<\/p>\n

La cour applique ensuite le d\u00e9lai quinquennal aux faits de l’esp\u00e8ce. Les parties s’accordent sur le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription. “Les parties s’accordent \u00e0 fixer le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de prescription<\/a> \u00e0 la date de renouvellement du bail, soit au 19 avril 2020.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). L’action, engag\u00e9e en mars 2023, est donc recevable. Cette solution assure une protection effective des droits du preneur. Elle rappelle que la qualification de l’action est pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 tout d\u00e9bat sur la prescription. La d\u00e9cision garantit ainsi l’acc\u00e8s au juge du fond pour trancher le litige contractuel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 19 mars 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une question de recevabilit\u00e9. Le litige opposait un preneur \u00e0 son bailleur suite au renouvelleme…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d627956cdb0f9ad734699b","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d627956cdb0f9ad734699b","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d627956cdb0f9ad734699b","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel d'Angers","_kj_chambre":"Chambre A - Commerciale","_kj_rg":"24\/01467","_kj_date":"2025-09-23","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[35583,7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-667633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-immobilier","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Versailles, le 19 mars 2025, n\u00b024\/01467 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Versailles, le 19 mars 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une question de recevabilit\u00e9. 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