{"id":667917,"date":"2026-04-24T04:02:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T02:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-grenoble-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-00869\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T18:53:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T16:53:55","slug":"cour-dappel-de-grenoble-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-00869","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-grenoble-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-00869\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Grenoble, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00869"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Grenoble, chambre civile section A, le 23 septembre 2025, statue sur un litige n\u00e9 d’un mandat de vente. Un mandataire immobilier r\u00e9clame le paiement d’une indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire apr\u00e8s le refus du mandant de signer l’acte de vente malgr\u00e9 l’acceptation d’une offre. La cour infirme le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance qui avait d\u00e9bout\u00e9 le mandataire. Elle accueille sa demande principale en condamnant le mandant au paiement de l’indemnit\u00e9 contractuelle convenue.<\/p>\n

La qualification juridique de l’offre accept\u00e9e<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle d’abord les conditions de formation du contrat de vente. Elle souligne son caract\u00e8re consensuel et les exigences relatives \u00e0 l’offre. “La vente est parfaite entre les parties et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est acquise de droit \u00e0 l’acheteur \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard du vendeur, d\u00e8s qu’on est convenu de la chose et du prix” (Motifs). L’offre en cause d\u00e9crivait pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le fonds de commerce et fixait un prix net. Elle \u00e9tait assortie de conditions suspensives classiques, notamment l’obtention d’un pr\u00eat. La cour estime que ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments n’affectent pas sa fermet\u00e9. “Elle pr\u00e9sente donc toutes les caract\u00e9ristiques d’une offre d’acquisition circonstanci\u00e9e, ferme et pr\u00e9cise” (Motifs). L’acceptation par le mandant, mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e par une signature et confirm\u00e9e par des \u00e9changes ult\u00e9rieurs, a donc parfait la vente. Cette analyse consacre la force obligatoire des accords pr\u00e9liminaires en mati\u00e8re immobili\u00e8re. Elle prot\u00e8ge la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des transactions en sanctionnant les revirements injustifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre de la clause p\u00e9nale<\/a> du mandat<\/p>\n

La cour justifie ensuite le recours \u00e0 la clause indemnitaire du mandat. Le refus du mandant de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la signature d\u00e9finitive constitue un manquement contractuel. Ce comportement a priv\u00e9 le mandataire de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration pr\u00e9vue. “L’attitude de sa mandante l’ayant priv\u00e9e de sa r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration exigible au jour de la signature de l’acte r\u00e9it\u00e9ratif de vente” (Motifs). La juridiction applique donc strictement la clause contractuelle sans discuter son montant. Elle ne proc\u00e8de \u00e0 aucun examen de son caract\u00e8re \u00e9ventuellement excessif. Cette solution s’inscrit dans le respect de la force obligatoire des conventions. Elle \u00e9carte implicitement l’application du pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur du juge pr\u00e9vu par l’article 1231-5 du code civil. La jurisprudence rappelle pourtant que “le juge peut, m\u00eame d’office, mod\u00e9rer ou augmenter la p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 ainsi convenue si elle est manifestement excessive ou d\u00e9risoire” (Tribunal judiciaire de Lorient, le 18 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b024\/01531). L’absence de d\u00e9bat sur ce point conf\u00e8re \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision une port\u00e9e strictement contractuelle.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision pour la profession de mandataire<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat assure une protection efficace de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration du mandataire immobilier. Il valide le m\u00e9canisme de l’indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire due en cas de r\u00e9tractation fautive du mandant. La cour sanctionne ainsi le comportement d\u00e9loyal d’une partie qui accepte une offre puis se d\u00e9dit. Elle consid\u00e8re que la vente \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 form\u00e9e par l’\u00e9change des consentements sur l’offre. Le mandataire n’a donc pas \u00e0 prouver la conclusion effective de l’acte d\u00e9finitif. Cette solution s\u00e9curise la position des interm\u00e9diaires dont la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration d\u00e9pend d’une op\u00e9ration conclue. Elle peut toutefois inciter \u00e0 une r\u00e9daction tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cise des offres d’acquisition. La d\u00e9cision \u00e9vite soigneusement de qualifier la clause de p\u00e9nale, utilisant le terme “indemnit\u00e9”. Ce choix terminologique pourrait viser \u00e0 contourner les exigences de validit\u00e9 des clauses p\u00e9nales. La jurisprudence exige en effet une mention “en caract\u00e8res tr\u00e8s apparents” pour ces clauses (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b021\/15177). En d\u00e9finitive, la cour privil\u00e9gie l’ex\u00e9cution de bonne foi et la sanction du comportement du mandant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Grenoble, chambre civile section A, le 23 septembre 2025, statue sur un litige n\u00e9 d’un mandat de vente. Un mandataire immobilier r\u00e9clame l…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7096,7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-667917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-code-des-assurances","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Grenoble, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00869 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Grenoble, chambre civile section A, le 23 septembre 2025, statue sur un litige n\u00e9 d'un mandat de vente. 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