{"id":669212,"date":"2026-04-24T06:00:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-11-decembre-2025-n21-15685\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T06:00:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:00:52","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-11-decembre-2025-n21-15685","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-11-decembre-2025-n21-15685\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b021\/15685"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une action en contestation de refus d’enregistrement d’une d\u00e9claration de nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise. Un individu, n\u00e9 en France de parents \u00e9trangers, avait souscrit une d\u00e9claration sur le fondement de l’article 21-11 du code civil. L’administration ayant refus\u00e9 cet enregistrement pour d\u00e9faut de preuve d’une r\u00e9sidence habituelle de cinq ans, le requ\u00e9rant a saisi le juge. Le tribunal a rejet\u00e9 sa demande, estimant que les conditions l\u00e9gales n’\u00e9taient pas \u00e9tablies, et a jug\u00e9 qu’il n’\u00e9tait pas fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le de la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale du refus<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie d’abord le respect des d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux encadrant la d\u00e9cision administrative. Le texte impose que la d\u00e9cision de refus intervienne dans un d\u00e9lai de six mois \u00e0 compter de la d\u00e9livrance d’un r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9. “La d\u00e9cision de refus d’enregistrement doit intervenir six mois au plus apr\u00e8s la date \u00e0 laquelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9 au d\u00e9clarant le r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9” (Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b024\/11699). En l’absence de preuve sur la date de remise de ce r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9, le tribunal utilise la date de souscription de la d\u00e9claration comme point de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Il constate que le refus a \u00e9t\u00e9 notifi\u00e9 moins de six mois apr\u00e8s cette souscription, rendant la d\u00e9cision administrative proc\u00e9duralement r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Cette approche pragmatique assure la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en validant un acte dont la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 temporelle n’est pas contest\u00e9e. Elle \u00e9vite aussi de rejeter une requ\u00eate sur un simple vice de forme non d\u00e9nonc\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La charge de la preuve concernant les conditions de fond repose ensuite int\u00e9gralement sur le d\u00e9clarant. Le tribunal rappelle que c’est \u00e0 la personne qui r\u00e9clame la nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9montrer qu’elle satisfait aux exigences l\u00e9gales. Cette r\u00e9partition de l’obligation probatoire est classique en mati\u00e8re d’acquisition de nationalit\u00e9 par d\u00e9claration. Elle place le fardeau de la d\u00e9monstration sur le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire potentiel du droit, conform\u00e9ment au principe selon lequel l’administration statue sur pi\u00e8ces. Le requ\u00e9rant doit ainsi apporter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments probants et incontestables pour \u00e9tayer sa demande, sous peine de voir celle-ci rejet\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation stricte de la preuve de la r\u00e9sidence habituelle<\/p>\n

Le c\u0153ur du litige concerne la preuve de la r\u00e9sidence habituelle en France pendant cinq ans depuis l’\u00e2ge de onze ans. Le tribunal proc\u00e8de \u00e0 un examen minutieux et exigeant des pi\u00e8ces vers\u00e9es aux d\u00e9bats. Il rel\u00e8ve que le requ\u00e9rant all\u00e8gue une pr\u00e9sence totale de cinq ans, deux mois et dix-neuf jours sur le territoire. Cependant, les justificatifs produits ne permettent d’\u00e9tablir avec certitude qu’environ trois ans de r\u00e9sidence. Les documents concernant des s\u00e9jours ponctuels sont jug\u00e9s insuffisants pour caract\u00e9riser une r\u00e9sidence habituelle. Une attestation sur l’honneur produite en photocopie est \u00e9cart\u00e9e, \u00e9tant “d\u00e9nu\u00e9e de toute garantie d’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et d’authenticit\u00e9 et donc de force probante”. Cette s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 t\u00e9moigne d’une application rigoureuse des r\u00e8gles probatoires.<\/p>\n

Le juge refuse ainsi de compenser les p\u00e9riodes non justifi\u00e9es par de simples all\u00e9gations ou des documents fragiles. Cette solution affirme une exigence de preuve certaine et incontestable en mati\u00e8re d’\u00e9tat des personnes. La nationalit\u00e9 \u00e9tant un attribut fondamental de la personnalit\u00e9, son acquisition ne peut reposer sur des pr\u00e9somptions ou des \u00e9l\u00e9ments douteux. Le tribunal rappelle que “nul ne peut se voir attribuer la nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 quelque titre que ce soit s\u2019il ne justifie pas de fa\u00e7on certaine de son \u00e9tat civil”. Cette rigueur prot\u00e8ge l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles d’acquisition de la nationalit\u00e9 et la valeur de celle-ci.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des moyens alternatifs fond\u00e9s sur un autre article<\/p>\n

Le requ\u00e9rant invoquait \u00e9galement l’article 21-12 du code civil, relatif aux enfants confi\u00e9s \u00e0 l’aide sociale \u00e0 l’enfance. Le tribunal \u00e9carte ce moyen en soulignant une condition proc\u00e9durale imp\u00e9rative. L’acquisition sur ce fondement est “subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 la souscription pr\u00e9alable d’une d\u00e9claration”. Or, aucune preuve d’une telle d\u00e9claration sp\u00e9cifique n’est apport\u00e9e. Le juge pr\u00e9cise que la souscription d’une d\u00e9claration sur un autre fondement, comme l’article 21-11, “ne pallie pas l’absence de souscription d’une d\u00e9claration sur le fondement de l’article 21-12”. Cette analyse isole strictement les diff\u00e9rentes voies d’acquisition de la nationalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Chaque fondement juridique constitue un chemin distinct, avec ses propres conditions de forme et de fond. Le requ\u00e9rant ne peut pas combiner les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l’un pour suppl\u00e9er aux carences de l’autre. Cette interpr\u00e9tation garantit la clart\u00e9 et la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 du droit de la nationalit\u00e9. Elle emp\u00eache toute confusion entre des r\u00e9gimes juridiques pourtant proches mais autonomes. La d\u00e9cision rappelle ainsi l’importance du formalisme requis pour des actes aussi graves que l’acquisition d’une nationalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur une action en contestation de refus d’enregistrement d’une d\u00e9claration de nationalit\u00e9 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-669212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b021\/15685 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta 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L'administration co...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/adam-ling-qmEbuqzB6L0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/adam-ling-qmEbuqzB6L0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/adam-ling-qmEbuqzB6L0-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/adam-ling-qmEbuqzB6L0-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/adam-ling-qmEbuqzB6L0-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/adam-ling-qmEbuqzB6L0-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":462703,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/caa-caa-de-marseille-20-01-2025-n-23ma01959\/","url_meta":{"origin":669212,"position":5},"title":"CAA \u2013 CAA de MARSEILLE \u2013 20\/01\/2025 \u2013 n\u00b0 23MA01959","author":"Kohen","date":"7 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Par un arr\u00eat rendu le 20 janvier 2025, la Cour administrative d'appel de Marseille a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 les contours de la proc\u00e9dure d'enregistrement des meubl\u00e9s de...","rel":"","context":"In "Juridictions administratives"","block_context":{"text":"Juridictions administratives","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/juridictions-administratives\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kevin-delval-JCjXLkyk6Kw-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kevin-delval-JCjXLkyk6Kw-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kevin-delval-JCjXLkyk6Kw-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kevin-delval-JCjXLkyk6Kw-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kevin-delval-JCjXLkyk6Kw-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kevin-delval-JCjXLkyk6Kw-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/669212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=669212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/669212\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=669212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=669212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=669212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}