{"id":670262,"date":"2026-04-24T07:34:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-15-avril-2026-n21-00194\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T16:34:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T14:34:05","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-15-avril-2026-n21-00194","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-15-avril-2026-n21-00194\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 15 avril 2026, n\u00b021\/00194"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 15 avril 2026, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 une promesse de bail commercial<\/a>. Un avocat, agissant pour le compte d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile immobili\u00e8re, avait adress\u00e9 une offre de location conditionnelle. Le pr\u00e9tendu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de cette promesse a ensuite saisi la justice pour en obtenir l’ex\u00e9cution ou la r\u00e9paration. Le tribunal a rejet\u00e9 l’ensemble de ses demandes apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la promesse inopposable \u00e0 la propri\u00e9taire des locaux.<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’un mandat \u00e9crit pour engager le mandant<\/p>\n

Le tribunal rappelle d’abord les conditions de validit\u00e9 de la repr\u00e9sentation en mati\u00e8re contractuelle. Il souligne que l’acte accompli par un repr\u00e9sentant sans pouvoir est inopposable au repr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Cette r\u00e8gle conna\u00eet une exception fond\u00e9e sur l’apparence l\u00e9gitime des pouvoirs du mandataire. Toutefois, le juge applique une exigence formelle sp\u00e9cifique aux avocats. Il se fonde sur l’article 6.2 du r\u00e8glement int\u00e9rieur national de la profession d’avocat. “L\u2019avocat ne peut, sans y avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialement et par \u00e9crit par le mandant, transiger en son nom et pour son compte ou l\u2019engager irr\u00e9vocablement par une proposition ou une offre de contracter” (Motifs, \u00a72). Le tribunal en d\u00e9duit que cette r\u00e8gle imp\u00e9rative \u00e9carte la th\u00e9orie du mandat apparent dans ce contexte professionnel. La port\u00e9e de cette solution est significative pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des transactions. Elle renforce la protection du mandant en imposant une formalit\u00e9 \u00e9crite stricte. Cette exigence pr\u00e9vaut sur la croyance l\u00e9gitime d’un tiers, pourtant prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par le droit commun. La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans cette application rigoureuse d’une r\u00e8gle d\u00e9ontologique. Elle limite ainsi les risques d’engagement involontaire par l’interm\u00e9diaire d’un conseil.<\/p>\n

L’absence de comportement g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d’une apparence l\u00e9gitime<\/p>\n

Le tribunal examine ensuite les circonstances de la cause pour \u00e9carter la faute pr\u00e9contractuelle. Il constate que le g\u00e9rant de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 propri\u00e9taire est demeur\u00e9 totalement \u00e9tranger aux \u00e9changes. Les n\u00e9gociations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites par des interm\u00e9diaires sans mandat v\u00e9rifiable. Le juge rel\u00e8ve que le pr\u00e9tendu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire n’\u00e9tait pas directement impliqu\u00e9 dans les pourparlers initiaux. “Ainsi, M. [U] [G], g\u00e9rant de la SCI<\/a> BARRACUDA, n’a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 aucun de ces \u00e9changes, alors qu’il \u00e9tait seul autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter la SCI BARRACUDA” (Motifs, \u00a72). Le tribunal estime que ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ne permettent pas de fonder une croyance l\u00e9gitime. Il rejette \u00e9galement l’argument d’une rupture abusive des pourparlers. La propri\u00e9taire a en effet formul\u00e9 une nouvelle offre, diff\u00e9rente de la premi\u00e8re, apr\u00e8s la crise sanitaire. Cette offre a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e non s\u00e9rieuse par le conseil du demandeur, mettant fin aux discussions. Le sens de cette analyse est de souligner l’importance de la prudence dans les n\u00e9gociations. Les parties doivent v\u00e9rifier les pouvoirs de leurs interlocuteurs, surtout lorsqu’un professionnel intervient. La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision est de refuser toute indemnisation pour perte de chance dans ce cadre. Elle rappelle que la libert\u00e9 des pourparlers ne peut \u00eatre limit\u00e9e que par une faute caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 15 avril 2026, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 une promesse de bail commercial. 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