{"id":683891,"date":"2026-04-25T19:08:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-aix-en-provence-le-1-juillet-2025-n21-17579\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:08:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:08:32","slug":"cour-dappel-de-aix-en-provence-le-1-juillet-2025-n21-17579","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-aix-en-provence-le-1-juillet-2025-n21-17579\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Aix-en-Provence, le 1 juillet 2025, n\u00b021\/17579"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Par un arr\u00eat rendu par la Cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Aix-en-Provence le 1er juillet 2025, la juridiction tranche un litige relatif \u00e0 la validit\u00e9 d\u2019une pr\u00e9emption rurale. Les vendeurs ont promis puis c\u00e9d\u00e9 des parcelles le 15 juin 2018, apr\u00e8s une promesse du 28 novembre 2017, par acte instrument\u00e9 par un notaire. L\u2019organisme titulaire du droit de pr\u00e9emption affirme avoir exerc\u00e9 celui\u2011ci le 6 f\u00e9vrier 2018 par notification d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e adress\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019officier public. Le tribunal judiciaire de Tarascon, le 19 novembre 2021, a jug\u00e9 l\u2019action recevable, annul\u00e9 la notification et rejet\u00e9 l\u2019ensemble des demandes. En appel, l\u2019organisme pr\u00e9empteur sollicite la validation de sa d\u00e9cision avec r\u00e9duction de prix, l\u2019annulation de la vente et le transfert judiciaire de propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Le notaire et les vendeurs contestent la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la notification \u00e9lectronique, l\u2019identification du signataire et la preuve du contenu effectivement re\u00e7u. La Cour \u00e9tait ainsi appel\u00e9e \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai d\u2019action et \u00e0 appr\u00e9cier la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 probatoire de la notification d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Sur le d\u00e9lai, la juridiction rappelle que \u00ab Les dispositions du code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime pr\u00e9voient un d\u00e9lai de six mois pour contester une vente pass\u00e9e avec possibilit\u00e9 de mise en oeuvre d\u2019un droit de pr\u00e9emption. \u00bb Elle retient ensuite la date de connaissance effective de la vente, r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e par un courrier post\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l\u2019acte, comme point de d\u00e9part, et \u00e9carte l\u2019argument tir\u00e9 d\u2019un point de d\u00e9part fix\u00e9 au jour de l\u2019acte lui\u2011m\u00eame. La solution sur le fond porte ensuite sur les exigences formelles et la force probante d\u2019\u00e9ditions \u00e9lectroniques divergentes, la Cour examinant les pi\u00e8ces vers\u00e9es et l\u2019argumentation technique invoqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

I. Le d\u00e9lai d\u2019action en contestation et son point de d\u00e9part<\/p>\n

A. D\u00e9termination du point de d\u00e9part l\u00e9gal<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9lai de six mois s\u2019attache \u00e0 la connaissance de la vente par le titulaire du droit, non \u00e0 la date de l\u2019acte, afin de garantir l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 du contr\u00f4le. La pr\u00e9cision temporelle prot\u00e8ge la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des ali\u00e9nations en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019elle m\u00e9nage l\u2019exercice du droit de pr\u00e9emption. La Cour cite \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard que \u00ab Les dispositions du code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime pr\u00e9voient un d\u00e9lai de six mois pour contester une vente pass\u00e9e avec possibilit\u00e9 de mise en oeuvre d\u2019un droit de pr\u00e9emption. \u00bb La m\u00e9thode suivie consiste \u00e0 isoler un \u00e9v\u00e9nement objectiv\u00e9 de connaissance, identifiable dans la proc\u00e9dure, pour faire courir utilement la forclusion.<\/p>\n

B. Application aux circonstances de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce<\/p>\n

La juridiction retient la r\u00e9ception, tardive par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019acte, d\u2019une information sur la vente comme point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai, et rejette l\u2019invitation \u00e0 exiger la preuve d\u2019une ignorance ant\u00e9rieure. Elle ent\u00e9rine ainsi l\u2019analyse des premiers juges en ces termes : \u00ab Le jugement sera donc confirm\u00e9 en ce que l\u2019action a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e recevable. \u00bb La solution s\u2019inscrit dans une ligne d\u00e9sormais constante, qui privil\u00e9gie un crit\u00e8re de connaissance effective et v\u00e9rifiable plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une fiction attach\u00e9e \u00e0 la date instrumentaire, source d\u2019incertitudes et de d\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s au juge.<\/p>\n

II. La notification d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e de pr\u00e9emption et la charge de la preuve<\/p>\n

A. Exigences formelles et finalit\u00e9s protectrices<\/p>\n

La notification doit, dans sa version \u00e9lectronique, satisfaire aux exigences de signature par une personne habilit\u00e9e, porter l\u2019accord expr\u00e8s des commissaires du gouvernement, et rappeler les options ouvertes au vendeur. La Cour le rappelle nettement : \u00ab Cette notification doit, en outre, comporter l\u2019indication de l\u2019accord expr\u00e8s des commissaires du gouvernement et le rappel des dispositions concernant les diff\u00e9rentes possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019actions qui s\u2019offrent alors au vendeur. \u00bb La finalit\u00e9 est double, informative et contentieuse, car le rappel des options conditionne l\u2019exercice utile des retraits, acceptations ou saisines juridictionnelles.<\/p>\n

B. Contradictions des \u00e9ditions et d\u00e9faut de preuve<\/p>\n

L\u2019organisme pr\u00e9empteur verse deux \u00e9ditions \u00e9lectroniques dat\u00e9es identiquement, dont l\u2019une omet la signature et les options l\u00e9gales, tandis que l\u2019autre, post\u00e9rieurement \u00e9dit\u00e9e, les contient mais avec une r\u00e9daction diff\u00e9rente. La Cour constate d\u2019abord \u00ab qu\u2019il existe des divergences cons\u00e9cutives \u00e0 une possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9dition incompl\u00e8te \u00bb, tenant \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de pr\u00e9sentation, et, surtout, \u00ab qu\u2019il existe \u00e9galement des diff\u00e9rences de r\u00e9daction \u00bb, exc\u00e9dant la simple compl\u00e9tude technique. Le contenu rapport\u00e9 par la seconde \u00e9dition inclut notamment la mention suivante : \u00ab Il vous appartient de pr\u00e9venir le propri\u00e9taire vendeur de notre d\u00e9cision de pr\u00e9emption et de lui en communiquer les conditions. \u00bb Or la variation de formulations, la disparition de paragraphes entiers et l\u2019ajout de clauses nouvelles emp\u00eachent d\u2019imputer ces \u00e9carts \u00e0 la seule traduction d\u2019un flux identique. En l\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments techniques \u00e9tablissant l\u2019identit\u00e9 du flux source, la preuve d\u2019une notification r\u00e9guli\u00e8re fait d\u00e9faut. L\u2019argumentation tir\u00e9e d\u2019une difficult\u00e9 logicielle de restitution ne peut suppl\u00e9er les lacunes probatoires quant \u00e0 la r\u00e9ception et au contenu effectivement port\u00e9 \u00e0 la connaissance du notaire.<\/p>\n

La Cour refuse, en cons\u00e9quence, d\u2019ordonner une mesure d\u2019injonction de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019une \u00ab feuille de style \u00bb, faute d\u2019utilit\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e, confirme l\u2019annulation de la notification litigieuse et d\u00e9boute l\u2019appelant de ses pr\u00e9tentions principales. Les demandes accessoires sont r\u00e9gl\u00e9es dans le m\u00eame sens, s\u2019agissant notamment des frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles, tandis que la responsabilit\u00e9 pour proc\u00e9dure abusive est \u00e9cart\u00e9e, \u00ab En l\u2019absence de d\u00e9monstration d\u2019une faute grossi\u00e8re \u00e9quipollente au dol \u00bb. L\u2019arr\u00eat conforte ainsi une exigence probatoire rigoureuse en mati\u00e8re de notification d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e, au service d\u2019une protection effective de l\u2019information du vendeur et de la loyaut\u00e9 des transmissions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat rendu par la Cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Aix-en-Provence le 1er juillet 2025, la juridiction tranche un litige relatif \u00e0 la validit\u00e9 d\u2019une pr\u00e9emption rurale….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Aix-en-Provence, le 1 juillet 2025, n\u00b021\/17579 - 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Un bien immobilier avait fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une promesse de vente notifi\u00e9e par un notaire au nom d\u2019une seule des indivisaires. 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