{"id":684420,"date":"2026-04-25T19:37:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-13-juin-2025-n25-00652\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:37:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:37:10","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-13-juin-2025-n25-00652","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-13-juin-2025-n25-00652\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 13 juin 2025, n\u00b025\/00652"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 13 juin 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d\u2019un litige n\u00e9 d\u2019un bail commercial et d\u2019impay\u00e9s. Le bailleur, par assignation du 18 f\u00e9vrier 2025, sollicitait la r\u00e9siliation du bail, l\u2019expulsion, des sommes provisionnelles, une indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation et la d\u00e9claration d\u2019acquisition du d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie. \u00c0 l\u2019audience du 16 mai 2025, la dette ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9gl\u00e9e, le demandeur s\u2019est d\u00e9sist\u00e9 de sa demande principale, ne maintenant que les d\u00e9pens et une indemnit\u00e9 de proc\u00e9dure sur le fondement de l\u2019article 700. Le d\u00e9fendeur n\u2019a pas comparu et n\u2019a form\u00e9 aucune demande au fond; l\u2019affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e et la d\u00e9cision rendue par mise \u00e0 disposition.<\/p>\n

La question portait d\u2019abord sur les conditions et effets du d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, puis sur la r\u00e9partition des frais et l\u2019octroi d\u2019une indemnit\u00e9 de proc\u00e9dure, au regard notamment des articles 384, 385, 394, 395, 399 et 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. La juridiction a constat\u00e9 le d\u00e9sistement, l\u2019a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 parfait, a condamn\u00e9 le d\u00e9fendeur aux d\u00e9pens et a accord\u00e9 1 000 euros au titre de l\u2019article 700.<\/p>\n

I. Le d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance: cadre et application<\/p>\n

A. La distinction d\u2019avec le d\u00e9sistement d\u2019action
\nLa d\u00e9cision expose la diff\u00e9rence structurante entre les deux m\u00e9canismes, en des termes particuli\u00e8rement clairs. Elle rappelle que \u00abLe d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance est seulement une renonciation \u00e0 l\u2019instance engag\u00e9e qui va s\u2019\u00e9teindre au principal et le droit litigieux n\u2019est pas atteint, l\u2019action restant ouverte aux plaideurs qui peuvent introduire une nouvelle instance, si celle-ci n\u2019est pas \u00e9teinte par ailleurs.\u00bb Elle ajoute que \u00abLe d\u00e9sistement d\u2019action porte sur le droit lui-m\u00eame d\u2019\u00eatre entendu par le juge sur le fond de la pr\u00e9tention et rend impossible dans l\u2019avenir la reprise du proc\u00e8s.\u00bb<\/p>\n

L\u2019office du juge est ici p\u00e9dagogique: qualifier le retrait op\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019audience comme un d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance, pour circonscrire ses effets. La reprise \u00e9ventuelle du litige reste ouverte en droit, ce qui se justifie par le paiement post\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l\u2019assignation. Le choix du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 renforce l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse provisoire et pragmatique, sans pr\u00e9judice de l\u2019action au fond.<\/p>\n

B. La perfection du d\u00e9sistement et le r\u00f4le du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s
\nLe juge s\u2019appuie d\u2019abord sur les r\u00e8gles g\u00e9n\u00e9rales d\u2019extinction de l\u2019instance: \u00abL\u2019extinction de l\u2019instance est constat\u00e9e par une d\u00e9cision de dessaisissement.\u00bb De m\u00eame, \u00abL\u2019instance s\u2019\u00e9teint \u00e0 titre principal par l\u2019effet de la p\u00e9remption, du d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance ou de la caducit\u00e9 de la citation.\u00bb Il articule ensuite ces principes avec les articles 394 et 395 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile: le d\u00e9sistement est, en principe, subordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019acceptation de l\u2019adversaire, qui n\u2019est pas requise si celui-ci n\u2019a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ni demande au fond ni fin de non\u2011recevoir au moment du retrait.<\/p>\n

L\u2019application aux faits est nette et sobre. Le juge constate que \u00abEn l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, \u00e0 l’audience de ce jour, la partie demanderesse a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 se d\u00e9sister de son instance et ce, sans opposition de son adversaire qui doit donc \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme ayant accept\u00e9 ce d\u00e9sistement implicitement.\u00bb La cons\u00e9quence logique est affirm\u00e9e dans la formule d\u00e9cisive: \u00abIl convient de constater ce d\u00e9sistement et de le d\u00e9clarer parfait.\u00bb La solution s\u2019inscrit dans le droit positif, tout en m\u00e9nageant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale des parties.<\/p>\n

II. La charge des frais et l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 de proc\u00e9dure<\/p>\n

A. Principe l\u00e9gal et marge d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation
\nS\u2019agissant des d\u00e9pens, le texte de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est rappel\u00e9 en des termes exacts: \u00abAux termes de l\u2019article 399 du m\u00eame code, le d\u00e9sistement emporte, sauf convention contraire, soumission de payer les frais de l\u2019instance \u00e9teinte.\u00bb Le principe incline donc, par d\u00e9faut, vers une charge pesant sur le d\u00e9sistant. Toutefois, le juge combine ce principe avec l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te des circonstances et la facult\u00e9 d\u2019allouer une indemnit\u00e9 au titre de l\u2019article 700, mesure distincte des d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n

La motivation retient que la proc\u00e9dure a \u00e9t\u00e9 provoqu\u00e9e par la d\u00e9faillance initiale du d\u00e9fendeur et que le r\u00e8glement est intervenu apr\u00e8s l\u2019assignation. La juridiction en d\u00e9duit l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019une indemnit\u00e9 de 1 000 euros sur le fondement de l\u2019article 700, ainsi que la mise \u00e0 la charge du d\u00e9fendeur des d\u00e9pens, afin de ne pas laisser au demandeur la charge d\u2019actes rendus n\u00e9cessaires par le comportement adverse.<\/p>\n

B. Appr\u00e9ciation critique et port\u00e9e pratique
\nLa solution appelle deux observations. D\u2019abord, elle \u00e9claire la plasticit\u00e9 des suites financi\u00e8res d\u2019un d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance: si l\u2019article 399 fixe un principe, l\u2019articulation avec l\u2019article 700 et l\u2019\u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des articles 695 et 696 autorise une r\u00e9partition des frais guid\u00e9e par la causalit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale. Le choix de condamner le d\u00e9fendeur aux d\u00e9pens, malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9sistement, s\u2019explique par l\u2019id\u00e9e que la proc\u00e9dure a \u00e9t\u00e9 utile et justifi\u00e9e au jour de l\u2019assignation.<\/p>\n

Ensuite, la motivation incite \u00e0 des comportements diligents. Elle valorise le paiement spontan\u00e9 avant l\u2019engagement des poursuites et dissuade le r\u00e8glement diff\u00e9r\u00e9 apr\u00e8s saisine qui externalise les co\u00fbts sur l\u2019adversaire. L\u2019approche demeure mesur\u00e9e: l\u2019extinction d\u2019instance \u00e9vite tout effet de chose jug\u00e9e au fond, tandis que l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 et les d\u00e9pens r\u00e9parent le co\u00fbt proc\u00e9dural inutilement caus\u00e9. La port\u00e9e pratique est claire en contentieux locatif commercial, mais transposable \u00e0 d\u2019autres r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, lorsque la satisfaction intervient tardivement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 13 juin 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d\u2019un litige n\u00e9 d\u2019un bail commercial et d\u2019impay\u00e9s. Le bailleur, par ass…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"684c6f58b34a5cb0e48930bb","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/684c6f58b34a5cb0e48930bb","_kj_judilibre_id":"684c6f58b34a5cb0e48930bb","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Marseille","_kj_chambre":"R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s Cabinet 3","_kj_rg":"25\/00652","_kj_date":"2025-06-13","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 13 juin 2025, n\u00b025\/00652 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 13 juin 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d\u2019un litige n\u00e9 d\u2019un bail commercial et d\u2019impay\u00e9s. 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La propri\u00e9taire initialement demande la r\u00e9solution...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/declan-sun-JYXbjhOGTCs-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/declan-sun-JYXbjhOGTCs-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/declan-sun-JYXbjhOGTCs-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/declan-sun-JYXbjhOGTCs-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/declan-sun-JYXbjhOGTCs-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/declan-sun-JYXbjhOGTCs-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=684420"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684420\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=684420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=684420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=684420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}