{"id":684748,"date":"2026-04-25T19:56:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-28-septembre-2023-n23-23-466\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:56:24","slug":"cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-28-septembre-2023-n23-23-466","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-28-septembre-2023-n23-23-466\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Montpellier, le 28 septembre 2023, n\u00b023-23.466"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Par un arr\u00eat du 28 septembre 2023, la Cour d\u2019appel de Montpellier a retenu la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale d\u2019un architecte, condamn\u00e9 solidairement avec l\u2019assureur, dans un litige de construction. Les ma\u00eetres de l\u2019ouvrage avaient confi\u00e9 \u00e0 un entrepreneur le gros \u0153uvre, la charpente, la couverture et la pose des menuiseries d\u2019une maison individuelle. Assign\u00e9s en paiement d\u2019un solde, ils ont oppos\u00e9 l\u2019existence de d\u00e9sordres, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 une expertise judiciaire.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9p\u00f4t du rapport, les ma\u00eetres de l\u2019ouvrage ont appel\u00e9 en cause l\u2019assureur du constructeur, lequel a fait intervenir l\u2019architecte. Devant la Cour d\u2019appel de Montpellier, l\u2019architecte soutenait ne pas avoir d\u00e9pos\u00e9 le permis de construire et d\u00e9niait la signature port\u00e9e sur la demande, en sollicitant une v\u00e9rification d\u2019\u00e9criture. La juridiction d\u2019appel a rejet\u00e9 cette demande, retenant la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un cachet professionnel sur la pi\u00e8ce et les indications de l\u2019expert quant au r\u00f4le de l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Saisi d\u2019un pourvoi, la Cour de cassation, troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 10 juillet 2025, rappelle le r\u00e9gime des articles 287 et 288 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle \u00e9nonce que \u00ab il r\u00e9sulte de ces textes que, lorsque l\u2019\u00e9criture ou la signature d\u2019un acte sous seing priv\u00e9 est d\u00e9ni\u00e9e ou m\u00e9connue, il appartient au juge de v\u00e9rifier l\u2019\u00e9crit contest\u00e9, \u00e0 moins qu\u2019il puisse statuer sans en tenir compte ou qu\u2019il trouve dans la cause des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de conviction suffisants \u00bb. Constatant que \u00ab l\u2019arr\u00eat retient que l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9 n\u2019apporte pas d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments saillants expliquant la pr\u00e9sence de son cachet professionnel sur ce document \u00bb, la Cour censure la d\u00e9cision, d\u00e8s lors que \u00ab en statuant ainsi, par des motifs impropres \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de conviction suffisants permettant de se prononcer sur l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 de l\u2019acte litigieux, sans recourir \u00e0 une v\u00e9rification d\u2019\u00e9criture, la cour d\u2019appel a viol\u00e9 les textes susvis\u00e9s \u00bb. L\u2019affaire est renvoy\u00e9e devant la Cour d\u2019appel de N\u00eemes. L\u2019analyse portera d\u2019abord sur l\u2019office du juge en cas de d\u00e9ni d\u2019\u00e9criture, puis sur la valeur et la port\u00e9e de la solution.<\/p>\n

I. L\u2019office du juge en cas de d\u00e9ni d\u2019\u00e9criture<\/p>\n

A. Le principe de v\u00e9rification et ses exceptions l\u00e9gales<\/p>\n

Le cadre normatif impose un contr\u00f4le juridictionnel effectif de l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019une \u00e9criture est contest\u00e9e. La Cour de cassation rappelle avec nettet\u00e9 que \u00ab il r\u00e9sulte de ces textes que, lorsque l\u2019\u00e9criture ou la signature d\u2019un acte sous seing priv\u00e9 est d\u00e9ni\u00e9e ou m\u00e9connue, il appartient au juge de v\u00e9rifier l\u2019\u00e9crit contest\u00e9 \u00bb. Cette v\u00e9rification n\u2019est pas automatique si deux voies demeurent ouvertes au juge du fond, pr\u00e9vues par les textes.<\/p>\n

D\u2019une part, le juge peut statuer sans tenir compte de l\u2019\u00e9crit litigieux, \u00e0 la condition que la solution s\u2019en affranchisse r\u00e9ellement. D\u2019autre part, il peut renoncer \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification lorsqu\u2019il \u00ab trouve dans la cause des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de conviction suffisants \u00bb. Ces deux temp\u00e9raments exigent une motivation pr\u00e9cise et d\u00e9monstrative, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant que la pi\u00e8ce contest\u00e9e est indiff\u00e9rente \u00e0 la solution, ou que des indices concordants et probants rendent la v\u00e9rification superflue.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019insuffisance des motifs retenus par la Cour d\u2019appel de Montpellier<\/p>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel de Montpellier a estim\u00e9 que l\u2019architecte n\u2019expliquait pas la pr\u00e9sence de son cachet sur la demande de permis. Le motif ainsi retenu, reproduit par la Cour de cassation, est clair : \u00ab l\u2019arr\u00eat retient que l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9 n\u2019apporte pas d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments saillants expliquant la pr\u00e9sence de son cachet professionnel sur ce document \u00bb. Ce constat, assorti d\u2019une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au rapport d\u2019expertise, a servi de fondement au refus de v\u00e9rification d\u2019\u00e9criture.<\/p>\n

La censure intervient car la motivation ne caract\u00e9rise pas des \u00ab \u00e9l\u00e9ments de conviction suffisants \u00bb au sens des articles 287 et 288. La Haute juridiction affirme que \u00ab en statuant ainsi, par des motifs impropres \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de conviction suffisants permettant de se prononcer sur l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 de l\u2019acte litigieux, sans recourir \u00e0 une v\u00e9rification d\u2019\u00e9criture, la cour d\u2019appel a viol\u00e9 les textes susvis\u00e9s \u00bb. Un cachet professionnel et une mention d\u2019expert constituent de simples indices, insuffisants sans analyse critique, comparaison d\u2019\u00e9crits ou mesure probatoire \u00e9quivalente. La v\u00e9rification demeurait n\u00e9cessaire, l\u2019acte contest\u00e9 \u00e9tant central pour attribuer la mission d\u2019architecte.<\/p>\n

II. Valeur et port\u00e9e de la solution<\/p>\n

A. Une exigence de rigueur probatoire et d\u2019impartialit\u00e9 du juge<\/p>\n

La solution confirme une jurisprudence exigeante, qui exige un contr\u00f4le juridictionnel effectif de l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019un acte priv\u00e9 est contest\u00e9. L\u2019expertise \u00e9claire le d\u00e9bat, mais ne se substitue pas \u00e0 l\u2019office du juge, tenu d\u2019ordonner les diligences utiles et, au besoin, de faire composer des \u00e9chantillons. La pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un cachet ne vaut pas reconnaissance de signature sans confrontation s\u00e9rieuse et contradictoire.<\/p>\n

Cette rigueur prot\u00e8ge la loyaut\u00e9 de la preuve et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions. Elle \u00e9vite qu\u2019un faisceau d\u2019indices incomplet, voire \u00e9quivoque, conduise \u00e0 figer des responsabilit\u00e9s sur la seule apparence documentaire. Elle garantit, en outre, que l\u2019exception permettant d\u2019\u00e9carter la v\u00e9rification demeure strictement cantonn\u00e9e \u00e0 des hypoth\u00e8ses r\u00e9ellement \u00e9videntes.<\/p>\n

B. Incidences en droit de la construction et d\u00e9termination des responsabilit\u00e9s<\/p>\n

En mati\u00e8re de responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale, l\u2019attribution de la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019architecte conditionne l\u2019assiette des obligations et des garanties. La signature port\u00e9e sur une demande de permis constitue un \u00e9l\u00e9ment susceptible d\u2019\u00e9tablir une mission, mais sa contestation impose un examen probatoire complet. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, l\u2019absence de v\u00e9rification affecte directement le fondement des condamnations prononc\u00e9es contre le professionnel.<\/p>\n

Le renvoi devant la Cour d\u2019appel de N\u00eemes recentrera le d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9crit litigieux, pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 toute imputation de responsabilit\u00e9. La solution incite les juridictions du fond \u00e0 articuler clairement l\u2019utilit\u00e9 de l\u2019acte contest\u00e9 pour la solution, ou \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer l\u2019existence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de conviction r\u00e9ellement suffisants. Elle contribue, ce faisant, \u00e0 une r\u00e9partition plus s\u00fbre des risques et des garanties dans les contentieux de la construction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat du 28 septembre 2023, la Cour d\u2019appel de Montpellier a retenu la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale d\u2019un architecte, condamn\u00e9 solidairement avec l\u2019assureu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"686f56923f11a71c18e86b06","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/686f56923f11a71c18e86b06","_kj_judilibre_id":"686f56923f11a71c18e86b06","_kj_jur":"Cour de cassation","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"Troisi\u00e8me chambre civile","_kj_rg":"23-23.466","_kj_date":"2025-07-10","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Montpellier, le 28 septembre 2023, n\u00b023-23.466 - 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Les ma\u00eetres de l'ouvrage reprochen...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-2.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-2.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-2.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-2.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-2.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-2.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":414386,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-19-fevrier-2026-n21-07153\/","url_meta":{"origin":684748,"position":3},"title":"Cour d’appel de Montpellier, le 19 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b021\/07153","author":"Kohen","date":"21 March 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Un architecte avait conclu un contrat de ma\u00eetrise d\u2019\u0153uvre pour la r\u00e9habilitation d\u2019un parvis. Le syndicat des copropri\u00e9taires, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par un syndic professionnel, refusa de valider une phase ult\u00e9rieure des travaux. L\u2019architecte r\u00e9alisa n\u00e9anmoins un plan de conception g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et en r\u00e9clama le paiement. Le Tribunal judiciaire de Rodez, par\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/maximilian-zahn-SKf_POUVJnQ-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/maximilian-zahn-SKf_POUVJnQ-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/maximilian-zahn-SKf_POUVJnQ-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/maximilian-zahn-SKf_POUVJnQ-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/maximilian-zahn-SKf_POUVJnQ-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/maximilian-zahn-SKf_POUVJnQ-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":610236,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-12-fevrier-2025-n17-05543\/","url_meta":{"origin":684748,"position":4},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 12 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b017\/05543","author":"Kohen","date":"19 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, statuant le 12 f\u00e9vrier 2025, tranche un litige complexe n\u00e9 de travaux de r\u00e9novation. La ma\u00eetrise d'ouvrage r\u00e9clame l'i...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andrew-adams-f6xlGzsRC_o-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andrew-adams-f6xlGzsRC_o-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andrew-adams-f6xlGzsRC_o-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andrew-adams-f6xlGzsRC_o-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andrew-adams-f6xlGzsRC_o-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andrew-adams-f6xlGzsRC_o-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":685243,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-10-juillet-2025-n23-20-135\/","url_meta":{"origin":684748,"position":5},"title":"Cour d’appel de Montpellier, le 10 juillet 2025, n\u00b023-20.135","author":"Kohen","date":"25 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Par un arr\u00eat du 10 juillet 2025, la troisi\u00e8me chambre civile a partiellement censur\u00e9 un arr\u00eat de la Cour d'appel de Montpellier, 22 juin 2023. Le litige port...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/clement-dellandrea-2racULxVpbw-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/clement-dellandrea-2racULxVpbw-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/clement-dellandrea-2racULxVpbw-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/clement-dellandrea-2racULxVpbw-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/clement-dellandrea-2racULxVpbw-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/clement-dellandrea-2racULxVpbw-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=684748"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684748\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=684748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=684748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=684748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}