{"id":684749,"date":"2026-04-25T19:56:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-3-juillet-2025-n24-05916\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:56:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:56:28","slug":"cour-dappel-de-douai-le-3-juillet-2025-n24-05916","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-3-juillet-2025-n24-05916\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Douai, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/05916"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Par un arr\u00eat de la Cour d’appel de Douai du 3 juillet 2025, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, la juridiction infirme une ordonnance ayant refus\u00e9 une mesure d’expertise sollicit\u00e9e sur le fondement de l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle retient l’existence d’indices s\u00e9rieux relatifs \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant un v\u00e9hicule d’occasion et ordonne une expertise in futurum, tout en laissant la charge des d\u00e9pens \u00e0 la demanderesse.<\/p>\n

Les faits tiennent \u00e0 la vente d’un v\u00e9hicule ancien, acquis en juin 2022, d\u00e9clar\u00e9 apte au contr\u00f4le technique, mais devenu impropre \u00e0 l’usage d\u00e8s le lendemain selon l’acqu\u00e9reur. Celui-ci a fait r\u00e9aliser une expertise amiable, mentionnant une impossibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9marrer, une fuite de liquide de refroidissement et des modifications du circuit de carburant.<\/p>\n

Saisi en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, le pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire a refus\u00e9 l’expertise, estimant l’acqu\u00e9reur d\u00e9faillant dans l’administration d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments objectifs corroborant la vraisemblance des d\u00e9sordres all\u00e9gu\u00e9s. L’appel a conduit \u00e0 la production de pi\u00e8ces suppl\u00e9mentaires, dont le certificat de cession, le proc\u00e8s-verbal de contr\u00f4le technique, des \u00e9changes \u00e9crits et l’expertise amiable d\u00e9taill\u00e9e, d\u00e9crivant notamment l’absence de d\u00e9marrage et une fuite s\u00e8che visible dans l\u2019habitacle.<\/p>\n

La question pos\u00e9e portait sur l’existence d’un motif l\u00e9gitime justifiant, avant tout proc\u00e8s, une mesure d’instruction proportionn\u00e9e au but poursuivi, dans le cadre du droit \u00e0 la preuve. La cour r\u00e9pond positivement, apr\u00e8s avoir rappel\u00e9 le cadre textuel: “Selon l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, s’il existe un motif l\u00e9gitime de conserver ou d’\u00e9tablir avant tout proc\u00e8s la preuve de faits dont pourrait d\u00e9pendre la solution d’un litige, les mesures d’instruction l\u00e9galement admissibles peuvent \u00eatre ordonn\u00e9es \u00e0 la demande de tout int\u00e9ress\u00e9, sur requ\u00eate ou en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.”<\/p>\n

La motivation s\u2019articule autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et de la proportionnalit\u00e9 de la mesure: “Il r\u00e9sulte de ce texte que constituent des mesures l\u00e9galement admissibles des mesures d’instruction circonscrites dans le temps et dans leur objet et proportionn\u00e9es \u00e0 l’objectif poursuivi. Il incombe, d\u00e8s lors, au juge de v\u00e9rifier si la mesure ordonn\u00e9e \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’exercice du droit \u00e0 la preuve du requ\u00e9rant et proportionn\u00e9e aux int\u00e9r\u00eats antinomiques en pr\u00e9sence.” Statuant in concreto, la cour rel\u00e8ve que “l’existence av\u00e9r\u00e9e de d\u00e9sordres de nature \u00e0 entraver l’usage normal du v\u00e9hicule rend l\u00e9gitime l’expertise technique du v\u00e9hicule avant tout proc\u00e8s”, en vue d’une action \u00e9ventuelle en garantie des vices cach\u00e9s, et conclut qu'”il y a donc lieu d’infirmer la d\u00e9cision entreprise et d’ordonner une expertise.”<\/p>\n

I. Les crit\u00e8res de l\u2019article 145 et leur mise en \u0153uvre<\/p>\n

A. N\u00e9cessit\u00e9, proportionnalit\u00e9 et droit \u00e0 la preuve<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle d\u2019abord le standard gouvernant l\u2019expertise in futurum. La mesure n\u2019est pas un instrument d\u2019investigation illimit\u00e9e, mais un moyen encadr\u00e9, justifi\u00e9 par un motif l\u00e9gitime et par un besoin probatoire objectivement identifiable. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence explicite au texte fonde l\u2019exigence de calibrage temporel et mat\u00e9riel de l\u2019instruction. En ce sens, la motivation souligne que “des mesures d’instruction circonscrites dans le temps et dans leur objet” seules sont admissibles, ce qui impose d\u2019appr\u00e9cier la finalit\u00e9 probatoire et l\u2019ad\u00e9quation des diligences requises.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le op\u00e9r\u00e9 inclut le double examen de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et de la proportionnalit\u00e9. La cour pose que “le juge [doit v\u00e9rifier] si la mesure ordonn\u00e9e \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’exercice du droit \u00e0 la preuve […] et proportionn\u00e9e aux int\u00e9r\u00eats antinomiques en pr\u00e9sence”. Cette formulation consacre un v\u00e9ritable contr\u00f4le de proportion, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les expertises exploratoires et \u00e0 garantir l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre le droit \u00e0 la preuve et la protection des d\u00e9fendeurs potentiels.<\/p>\n

B. Appr\u00e9ciation in concreto des indices et infirmation de l\u2019ordonnance<\/p>\n

Au regard des pi\u00e8ces produites en appel, la cour constate plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments concordants: difficult\u00e9s de d\u00e9marrage d\u00e8s l\u2019acquisition, fuite de liquide de refroidissement, modification du circuit de gazole, et faible kilom\u00e9trage parcouru depuis la vente corroborant une inutilisabilit\u00e9 rapide. L\u2019apport d\u2019une expertise amiable, m\u00eame non contradictoire dans son d\u00e9roulement, est ici pris en compte comme indice technique, sans pr\u00e9juger de la solution au fond.<\/p>\n

La motivation retient ainsi que “l’existence av\u00e9r\u00e9e de d\u00e9sordres de nature \u00e0 entraver l’usage normal du v\u00e9hicule rend l\u00e9gitime l’expertise technique […] avant tout proc\u00e8s”, la mesure visant \u00e0 “conforter les observations de l’expert amiable”. En cons\u00e9quence, la cour infirme la d\u00e9cision de premi\u00e8re instance et ordonne une expertise dont la mission couvre notamment l\u2019ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9sordres, leur incidence sur l\u2019usage et l\u2019\u00e9ventuelle connaissance du vendeur. Ce raisonnement factuel, adoss\u00e9 au standard de proportionnalit\u00e9, pr\u00e9pare l\u2019\u00e9tude de la port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision dans le contentieux des ventes d\u2019occasion.<\/p>\n

II. Port\u00e9e et appr\u00e9ciation de la solution<\/p>\n

A. S\u00e9curisation du droit \u00e0 la preuve en mati\u00e8re de vices cach\u00e9s<\/p>\n

L\u2019arr\u00eat conforte l\u2019usage prudent mais effectif de l\u2019article 145 dans les litiges de vices cach\u00e9s affectant des v\u00e9hicules anciens. Il d\u00e9montre que l\u2019expertise in futurum n\u2019est ni automatique ni exceptionnelle \u00e0 l\u2019exc\u00e8s, mais d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par un faisceau d\u2019indices techniques s\u00e9rieux. La mission ordonn\u00e9e est pr\u00e9cise, tourn\u00e9e vers les crit\u00e8res l\u00e9gaux de la garantie: l\u2019expert devra dire si les d\u00e9sordres “rendent le v\u00e9hicule impropre \u00e0 sa destination ou en diminuent l’usage au sens de l’article 1641 du code civil”.<\/p>\n

Cette orientation sert une p\u00e9dagogie probatoire. L\u2019expertise recherchera l\u2019ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 des vices, leur imputabilit\u00e9, leur caract\u00e8re d\u00e9celable pour un acheteur non professionnel et l\u2019\u00e9ventuelle connaissance du vendeur. Une telle circonscription pr\u00e9serve le contradictoire futur et \u00e9vite la d\u00e9rive vers une enqu\u00eate g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Elle offre surtout une base technique utile \u00e0 la qualification juridique lors du proc\u00e8s au fond, sans pr\u00e9juger de l\u2019issue.<\/p>\n

B. Mesure de l\u2019office du juge et gouvernance des co\u00fbts<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision illustre une vigilance sur la charge et le co\u00fbt de la mesure. La consignation est fix\u00e9e, l\u2019expert encadr\u00e9, et les d\u00e9pens ne sont pas mis \u00e0 la charge de l\u2019intim\u00e9, d\u00e9faillant \u00e0 l\u2019instance d\u2019appel. Ce r\u00e9glage prot\u00e8ge contre un usage dilatoire de l\u2019article 145 et responsabilise le demandeur de la mesure, qui assume l\u2019avance des frais et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n

La proportionnalit\u00e9 commande \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9tendue de la mission. Les questions pos\u00e9es visent l\u2019utilit\u00e9 probatoire stricte et l\u2019\u00e9conomie du litige. En \u00e9quilibrant ouverture du droit \u00e0 la preuve et prudence sur les charges, l\u2019arr\u00eat propose une voie m\u00e9diane, respectueuse des int\u00e9r\u00eats en pr\u00e9sence et des imp\u00e9ratifs d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale. Cette m\u00e9thode devrait guider, \u00e0 l\u2019avenir, les demandes d\u2019expertise in futurum dans les ventes d\u2019occasion techniquement sensibles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat de la Cour d’appel de Douai du 3 juillet 2025, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, la juridiction infirme une ordonnance ayant refus\u00e9 une mesure d’expertise sol…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9487,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"686768a1dd25744ff781d547","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/686768a1dd25744ff781d547","_kj_judilibre_id":"686768a1dd25744ff781d547","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Douai","_kj_chambre":"CHAMBRE 1 SECTION 1","_kj_rg":"24\/05916","_kj_date":"2025-07-03","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Douai, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/05916 - 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