{"id":684770,"date":"2026-04-25T19:58:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-rennes-le-26-juin-2025-n23-20-778\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:58:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:58:12","slug":"cour-dappel-de-rennes-le-26-juin-2025-n23-20-778","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-rennes-le-26-juin-2025-n23-20-778\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Rennes, le 26 juin 2025, n\u00b023-20.778"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Par un arr\u00eat du 26 juin 2025, la deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile de la Cour de cassation a partiellement cass\u00e9 l\u2019arr\u00eat de la cour d\u2019appel de Rennes du 7 juin 2023. L\u2019affaire trouve son origine dans un accident survenu en 2009 entre deux v\u00e9hicules, l\u2019un conduit par l\u2019auteur d\u00e9clar\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement responsable, l\u2019autre impliqu\u00e9 et assur\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un autre assureur.<\/p>\n

La conductrice avait souscrit en 2007 une assurance automobile. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019accident, son assureur a invoqu\u00e9 une fausse d\u00e9claration \u00e0 la souscription, a demand\u00e9 la nullit\u00e9 du contrat et a indemnis\u00e9 les victimes pour le compte de qui il appartiendrait. Il a ensuite recherch\u00e9, devant les juridictions civiles, le remboursement int\u00e9gral des sommes vers\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019assureur de l\u2019autre v\u00e9hicule impliqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Statuant sur renvoi apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re cassation, la cour d\u2019appel de Rennes, 7 juin 2023, a jug\u00e9 la nullit\u00e9 inopposable \u00e0 l\u2019assureur du second v\u00e9hicule et a d\u00e9bout\u00e9 la demande en remboursement. Le pourvoi soutenait, notamment au regard de la directive 2009\/103 et de la jurisprudence de l\u2019Union, l\u2019opposabilit\u00e9 de la nullit\u00e9 entre assureurs et la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un recours int\u00e9gral.<\/p>\n

La question de droit portait sur l\u2019articulation entre l\u2019inopposabilit\u00e9 de la nullit\u00e9 aux victimes d\u2019un accident de la circulation et son opposabilit\u00e9 dans les rapports inter-assureurs. La Cour de cassation censure l\u2019arr\u00eat d\u2019appel, affirme que le droit de l\u2019Union ne r\u00e9git pas ces rapports, rappelle un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de 2011 et consacre le droit au remboursement int\u00e9gral de l\u2019assureur de l\u2019autre v\u00e9hicule impliqu\u00e9. L\u2019affaire est renvoy\u00e9e devant la cour d\u2019appel de Paris.<\/p>\n

I. Sens et fondement de la solution<\/p>\n

A. La directive automobile ne gouverne pas les rapports inter-assureurs
\nLa Cour \u00e9carte l\u2019argumentation tir\u00e9e de la directive 2009\/103 quant aux relations entre assureurs. Elle \u00e9nonce que \u00ab Cependant, les articles 3, \u00a7 1, et 13, de la directive 2009\/103\/CE du 16 septembre 2009, tels qu’interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s par la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, ne r\u00e9gissent pas les rapports entre l’assureur, tenu d’indemniser les victimes nonobstant la nullit\u00e9 du contrat d’assurance souscrit aupr\u00e8s de lui, et l’assureur de tout autre v\u00e9hicule impliqu\u00e9 dans l’accident dont le contrat n’est pas nul. \u00bb Cette affirmation circonscrit le champ de la directive \u00e0 la protection des victimes et \u00e0 l\u2019action directe, sans empi\u00e9ter sur les recours internes aux assureurs.<\/p>\n

Le c\u0153ur du litige se d\u00e9place alors vers le droit interne des assurances, o\u00f9 l\u2019inopposabilit\u00e9 de la nullit\u00e9 aux victimes ne pr\u00e9juge pas de son effet dans les rapports entre assureurs. La cour d\u2019appel de Rennes avait \u00e9tendu, \u00e0 tort, la protection des victimes \u00e0 l\u2019assureur du second v\u00e9hicule, en l\u2019assimilant \u00e0 un tiers prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/p>\n

B. Le recours int\u00e9gral fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019article L. 113-8 du code des assurances
\nLa Cour r\u00e9active une solution ant\u00e9rieure et l\u2019applique au cas pr\u00e9sent. Elle rappelle d\u2019abord que \u00ab La Cour de cassation a jug\u00e9, sur le fondement de l’article L 113-8 du code des assurances, que lorsque l’assureur, dont le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 pour fausse d\u00e9claration, a indemnis\u00e9 des victimes de l’accident pour le compte de qui il appartiendrait, il est fond\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9clamer \u00e0 l’un quelconque des assureurs des v\u00e9hicules impliqu\u00e9s la restitution de l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des sommes vers\u00e9es (2e Civ., 7 juillet 2011, pourvoi n\u00b0 10-19.960). \u00bb L\u2019assureur dont le contrat est nul reste donc redevable envers les victimes, mais il n\u2019assume pas, en d\u00e9finitive, la charge financi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

La Cour en d\u00e9duit logiquement que \u00ab D\u00e8s lors, si l’assureur dont le contrat est nul est tenu d’indemniser les tiers l\u00e9s\u00e9s, \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard desquels la nullit\u00e9 est inopposable, il est en droit d’obtenir de l’assureur d’un autre v\u00e9hicule impliqu\u00e9 dans l’accident, auquel cette nullit\u00e9 est opposable, le remboursement de l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des sommes qu’il a vers\u00e9es. \u00bb La violation r\u00e9side dans le refus de la cour d\u2019appel de Rennes de reconna\u00eetre l\u2019opposabilit\u00e9 de la nullit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019assureur du second v\u00e9hicule, en particulier au motif de la responsabilit\u00e9 exclusive du conducteur assur\u00e9 par le contrat annul\u00e9.<\/p>\n

II. Valeur et port\u00e9e de la solution<\/p>\n

A. Une construction coh\u00e9rente avec le droit de l\u2019Union et la protection des victimes
\nLa motivation s\u2019accorde avec la finalit\u00e9 de la directive automobile, centr\u00e9e sur l\u2019indemnisation rapide et certaine des victimes. La Cour s\u00e9pare utilement le temps de la garantie vis-\u00e0-vis des victimes et le temps du r\u00e8glement d\u00e9finitif entre assureurs. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la jurisprudence de l\u2019Union ne modifie pas cette r\u00e9partition, laquelle demeure du ressort du droit interne.<\/p>\n

La solution laisse intacte l\u2019action directe et l\u2019obligation d\u2019indemniser \u00ab pour le compte de qui il appartiendra \u00bb, garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des victimes. Elle \u00e9vite d\u2019\u00e9riger l\u2019assureur de l\u2019autre v\u00e9hicule en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u2019une inopposabilit\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour les tiers l\u00e9s\u00e9s et non pour les investisseurs du risque assurantiel.<\/p>\n

B. Une port\u00e9e pratique claire pour l\u2019allocation du risque et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique
\nL\u2019arr\u00eat affirme que la nullit\u00e9 pour fausse d\u00e9claration, bien qu\u2019inopposable aux victimes, retrouve sa pleine efficacit\u00e9 dans les rapports inter-assureurs. Il s\u2019ensuit un remboursement int\u00e9gral par l\u2019assureur du second v\u00e9hicule impliqu\u00e9, permettant le r\u00e9tablissement de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique du syst\u00e8me d\u2019indemnisation.<\/p>\n

Cette clarification r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude contentieuse n\u00e9e de raisonnements confondant le statut de la victime et celui de son assureur. Elle d\u00e9courage l\u2019extension indue de la protection des tiers \u00e0 des acteurs professionnels, tout en consolidant la r\u00e9partition du risque fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019implication du v\u00e9hicule et non sur la faute seule. L\u2019articulation ainsi fix\u00e9e reconduit une ligne jurisprudentielle stable, d\u00e9sormais express\u00e9ment dissoci\u00e9e des exigences du droit de l\u2019Union.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat du 26 juin 2025, la deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile de la Cour de cassation a partiellement cass\u00e9 l\u2019arr\u00eat de la cour d\u2019appel de Rennes du 7 juin 2023. L…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"685ce2750c5506317f3be870","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/685ce2750c5506317f3be870","_kj_judilibre_id":"685ce2750c5506317f3be870","_kj_jur":"Cour de cassation","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"Deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile","_kj_rg":"23-20.778","_kj_date":"2025-06-26","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Rennes, le 26 juin 2025, n\u00b023-20.778 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par un arr\u00eat du 26 juin 2025, la deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile de la Cour de cassation a partiellement cass\u00e9 l\u2019arr\u00eat de la cour d\u2019appel de Rennes du 7 juin 2023. 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La caisse d\u2019assurance maladie et l\u2019assureur du responsable ont\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/allan-francis-ymVi7QhCiTI-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/allan-francis-ymVi7QhCiTI-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/allan-francis-ymVi7QhCiTI-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/allan-francis-ymVi7QhCiTI-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/allan-francis-ymVi7QhCiTI-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/allan-francis-ymVi7QhCiTI-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":233246,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-juin-2025-n21-05579\/","url_meta":{"origin":684770,"position":3},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 16 juin 2025, n\u00b021\/05579","author":"Kohen","date":"28 December 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Un v\u00e9hicule vol\u00e9 puis incendi\u00e9 peut-il engager la garantie de son assureur sur le fondement de la loi du 5 juillet 1985 dite loi Badinter ? Telle est la question \u00e0 laquelle le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris a r\u00e9pondu dans un jugement rendu le 16 juin 2025.Les faits sont les\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-WACE8feA8SQ-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-WACE8feA8SQ-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-WACE8feA8SQ-unsplash-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-WACE8feA8SQ-unsplash-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-WACE8feA8SQ-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-WACE8feA8SQ-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":477887,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-ajaccio-le-4-decembre-2025-n23-00451\/","url_meta":{"origin":684770,"position":4},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Ajaccio, le 4 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00451","author":"Kohen","date":"7 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le tribunal judiciaire d\u2019Ajaccio, par jugement du 4 d\u00e9cembre 2025, statue sur une action en indemnisation engag\u00e9e par un assur\u00e9 contre sa propre compagnie d\u2019...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dillon-t-lHQ7gU7SgdM-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dillon-t-lHQ7gU7SgdM-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dillon-t-lHQ7gU7SgdM-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dillon-t-lHQ7gU7SgdM-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dillon-t-lHQ7gU7SgdM-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dillon-t-lHQ7gU7SgdM-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":662901,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-rennes-le-8-novembre-2028-n23-02225\/","url_meta":{"origin":684770,"position":5},"title":"Tribunal judiciaire de Rennes, le 8 novembre 2028, n\u00b023\/02225","author":"Kohen","date":"23 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le tribunal judiciaire de Rennes, statuant le 8 novembre 2028, examine la demande d\u2019une victime d\u2019accident de la circulation. Cette derni\u00e8re sollicite la r\u00e9p...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/louis-paulin-SYJrwRyI51E-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/louis-paulin-SYJrwRyI51E-unsplash-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/louis-paulin-SYJrwRyI51E-unsplash-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/louis-paulin-SYJrwRyI51E-unsplash-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/louis-paulin-SYJrwRyI51E-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/louis-paulin-SYJrwRyI51E-unsplash-1.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=684770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684770\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=684770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=684770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=684770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}