{"id":684789,"date":"2026-04-25T19:59:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-26-septembre-2023-n23-03414\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:59:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:59:50","slug":"cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-26-septembre-2023-n23-03414","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-26-septembre-2023-n23-03414\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 26 septembre 2023, n\u00b023\/03414"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Toulouse, 11 septembre 2025, 3e chambre, confirme un jugement du tribunal de commerce de Toulouse du 26 septembre 2023. Le litige concerne la vente d’un v\u00e9hicule d’occasion et la prescription des garanties invoqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Le v\u00e9hicule a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquis le 9 mars 2020 aupr\u00e8s d’un professionnel dans le cadre d’un d\u00e9p\u00f4t\u2011vente, pour un prix de 5 990 euros. Les 10 et 18 mars 2020, l’acqu\u00e9reur a signal\u00e9 des infiltrations au pare\u2011brise, des faiblesses de l\u00e8ve\u2011vitres et de climatisation, ainsi qu’un claquement du train avant. Un contr\u00f4le technique du 18 juin 2020 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des d\u00e9faillances des ressorts, stabilisateurs et points de fixation au ch\u00e2ssis. Des r\u00e9parations limit\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es, des devis compl\u00e9mentaires chiffr\u00e9s \u00e9tablis, et un rapport d’expertise amiable a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9 le 23 mars 2021. Une requ\u00eate en tentative pr\u00e9alable de conciliation a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e devant le tribunal judiciaire de Toulouse le 14 f\u00e9vrier 2022, puis d\u00e9clar\u00e9e irrecevable le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2022. Une saisine d’un conciliateur de justice est intervenue le 24 mai 2022, avec constat d’\u00e9chec le 15 juin 2022, avant une assignation d\u00e9livr\u00e9e le 27 septembre 2022.<\/p>\n

Le premier juge a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 prescrite l’action en garantie des vices cach\u00e9s. L’appelant soutenait que le d\u00e9lai ne courait qu’\u00e0 partir de l’expertise, et qu’il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompu ou suspendu par les d\u00e9marches amiables. La cour devait fixer la date de d\u00e9couverte du vice au sens de l’article 1648, appr\u00e9cier l’effet d’une requ\u00eate irrecevable et d’une conciliation post\u00e9rieure, puis statuer sur la garantie de conformit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision rappelle d’abord que \u00ab Aux termes de l’article 1648 du Code civil, l’action r\u00e9sultant des vices r\u00e9dhibitoires doit \u00eatre intent\u00e9e par l’acqu\u00e9reur dans un d\u00e9lai de deux ans \u00e0 compter de la d\u00e9couverte du vice \u00bb. Elle retient ensuite que \u00ab Il s’en d\u00e9duit que l’acqu\u00e9reur avait connaissance des d\u00e9sordres, soit parce qu’il les avait signal\u00e9s, soit parce qu’il \u00e9taient visibles, d\u00e8s le 10 mars 2020 et qu’il devait en cons\u00e9quence engager son action en garantie des vices cach\u00e9s avant le 10 mars 2022 \u00bb. S’agissant des effets de la conciliation pr\u00e9alable, la cour rappelle que \u00ab La prescription et les d\u00e9lais pour agir sont interrompus par l’enregistrement de la demande \u00bb, puis ajoute que \u00ab D\u00e8s lors que la requ\u00eate en conciliation a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e irrecevable le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2022, l’effet interruptif attach\u00e9 \u00e0 son d\u00e9p\u00f4t le 14 f\u00e9vrier 2022 est non avenu \u00bb. Elle en d\u00e9duit enfin que \u00ab D\u00e8s lors, \u00e0 la date de saisine du conciliateur et \u00e0 la date de la r\u00e9union organis\u00e9e par ce dernier le 15 juin 2022, qui seule pouvait avoir un effet suspensif et non interruptif de la prescription, l’action \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 prescrite pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 intent\u00e9e plus de deux ans apr\u00e8s le signalement des d\u00e9sordres le 10 mars 2020, l’assignation du 27 septembre 2022 n’ayant pu interrompre une prescription acquise \u00bb. Sur la conformit\u00e9, la cour rel\u00e8ve que \u00ab La cour observe que l’appelant n’all\u00e8gue aucune absence de conformit\u00e9 aux stipulations contractuelles vers\u00e9es aux d\u00e9bats mais uniquement des d\u00e9sordres qu’il qualifie de vices cach\u00e9s \u00bb. Elle pr\u00e9cise enfin que \u00ab En premier lieu, d\u00e8s lors que les d\u00e9fauts de conformit\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s constituent, comme en l’esp\u00e8ce, les vices cach\u00e9s dont se plaint l’acqu\u00e9reur, ce dernier se doit d’agir dans le d\u00e9lai d’action en garantie des vices cach\u00e9s \u00bb; \u00ab En second lieu, l’article L 217-12 du Code de la consommation, dans sa version applicable \u00e0 la date de la vente, c’est \u00e0 dire le 9 mars 2020, dispose que l’action r\u00e9sultant du d\u00e9faut de conformit\u00e9 se prescrit par deux ans \u00e0 compter de la d\u00e9livrance du bien \u00bb.<\/p>\n

I. Le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription et l\u2019incidence des d\u00e9marches amiables<\/p>\n

A. La d\u00e9couverte du vice fix\u00e9e aux premiers signalements et aux indices objectifs<\/p>\n

La cour rattache le point de d\u00e9part \u00e0 la connaissance concr\u00e8te des d\u00e9sordres, r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e par des courriels circonstanci\u00e9s envoy\u00e9s imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la vente. L’argument tir\u00e9 de l’absence de comp\u00e9tence technique de l’acheteur est \u00e9cart\u00e9, car les sympt\u00f4mes rapport\u00e9s \u00e9taient pr\u00e9cis et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s. L’expertise amiable vient conforter l’analyse, en qualifiant de d\u00e9faillances \u00ab visibles \u00bb ou \u00ab audibles \u00bb les d\u00e9fauts du train avant et de la vitre, ce que retient le motif. Le juge souligne que l’expert n’a pu constater certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00ab du fait des r\u00e9parations effectu\u00e9es par l’acqu\u00e9reur \u00bb, ce qui fragilise une strat\u00e9gie probatoire fond\u00e9e sur des remises en \u00e9tat pr\u00e9coces.<\/p>\n

La motivation, fid\u00e8le \u00e0 la lettre du texte, valorise l’appr\u00e9hension factuelle plut\u00f4t que l’identification scientifique exhaustive. La date de \u00ab d\u00e9couverte \u00bb n’exige pas la certitude causale ni l’\u00e9valuation chiffr\u00e9e, mais la perception suffisante des manifestations du vice. La phrase \u00ab Il s’en d\u00e9duit que l’acqu\u00e9reur avait connaissance des d\u00e9sordres (…) d\u00e8s le 10 mars 2020 \u00bb s’inscrit dans cette logique de pragmatisme probatoire. Le choix est coh\u00e9rent avec une jurisprudence constante qui refuse d’attendre un rapport pour faire courir le d\u00e9lai, d\u00e8s lors que les signes objectifs sont \u00e9tablis.<\/p>\n

B. Interruption non avenue et suspension tardive: articulation des articles 820 CPC, 2243 et 2238<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle d’abord la r\u00e8gle d’interruption pos\u00e9e par l’article 820 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile: \u00ab La prescription et les d\u00e9lais pour agir sont interrompus par l’enregistrement de la demande \u00bb. Elle encha\u00eene avec l’article 2243 du code civil, en jugeant que \u00ab l’effet interruptif (…) est non avenu \u00bb quand la requ\u00eate est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e irrecevable. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de la chambre commerciale du 26 janvier 2016 confirme l’indiff\u00e9rence du motif d’irrecevabilit\u00e9, d\u00e8s lors qu’il statue sur la fin de non\u2011recevoir.<\/p>\n

Le raisonnement se prolonge avec l’article 2238, au titre de la suspension attach\u00e9e \u00e0 la conciliation. La cour pr\u00e9cise que seule la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9union produit effet, et qu’elle ne suspend qu’un d\u00e9lai encore en cours. La formule \u00ab D\u00e8s lors, \u00e0 la date de saisine du conciliateur (…) l’action \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 prescrite \u00bb souligne la neutralisation d’une conciliation tardive. L’assignation post\u00e9rieure ne peut interrompre un d\u00e9lai \u00e9teint, ce qui ach\u00e8ve la d\u00e9monstration de la prescription acquise au 10 mars 2022.<\/p>\n

II. Valeur et port\u00e9e de la solution en mati\u00e8re de vices cach\u00e9s et conformit\u00e9<\/p>\n

A. Une articulation coh\u00e9rente entre garanties pour les ventes d\u2019occasion<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision op\u00e8re une mise au point utile sur l’articulation entre d\u00e9faut de conformit\u00e9 et vice cach\u00e9 pour un v\u00e9hicule d’occasion. Elle constate d’abord l’objet des griefs, en relevant que \u00ab l’appelant n’all\u00e8gue aucune absence de conformit\u00e9 aux stipulations contractuelles (…) mais uniquement des d\u00e9sordres (…) vices cach\u00e9s \u00bb. Elle en d\u00e9duit, en des termes clairs, que \u00ab d\u00e8s lors que les d\u00e9fauts de conformit\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s constituent (…) les vices cach\u00e9s (…) l’acqu\u00e9reur (…) doit d’agir dans le d\u00e9lai (…) vices cach\u00e9s \u00bb. Cette approche restreint le risque de forum shopping entre r\u00e9gimes, en privil\u00e9giant la qualification la plus adapt\u00e9e aux sympt\u00f4mes m\u00e9caniques invoqu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La cour ajoute une seconde borne temporelle autonome pour la conformit\u00e9, en rappelant que \u00ab l’action r\u00e9sultant du d\u00e9faut de conformit\u00e9 se prescrit par deux ans \u00e0 compter de la d\u00e9livrance du bien \u00bb. La solution est chronologiquement fond\u00e9e, la vente datant de mars 2020, et s\u2019inscrit dans la version applicable du code de la consommation. L\u2019action, introduite en septembre 2022, se heurte donc au d\u00e9lai butoir, ind\u00e9pendamment de la discussion sur la preuve des d\u00e9fauts. L\u2019\u00e9conomie de la motivation se r\u00e9v\u00e8le ainsi convaincante et juridiquement mesur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

B. Cons\u00e9quences pratiques pour la preuve et la strat\u00e9gie proc\u00e9durale<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision \u00e9claire deux exigences pratiques majeures en contentieux de v\u00e9hicules d’occasion. Sur la preuve, la conservation des indices ant\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 toute r\u00e9paration demeure d\u00e9terminante; \u00ab Il n’a pu constater les d\u00e9sordres (…) du fait des r\u00e9parations effectu\u00e9es par l’acqu\u00e9reur \u00bb. Cette observation apprend que des remises en \u00e9tat h\u00e2tives peuvent affaiblir la d\u00e9monstration, en privant l’expertise d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments tangibles.<\/p>\n

Sur le temps, la coordination des d\u00e9marches amiables avec les d\u00e9lais de prescription s’impose sans d\u00e9tour. L’enseignement tir\u00e9 de l’article 2243 est net: une requ\u00eate irrecevable n’interrompt pas d\u00e9finitivement, son effet \u00e9tant \u00ab non avenu \u00bb. La suspension de l’article 2238 suppose en outre un d\u00e9lai en cours, ce que la cour v\u00e9rifie strictement. La port\u00e9e de l\u2019arr\u00eat est donc double, p\u00e9dagogique quant au point de d\u00e9part et structurante quant au calendrier proc\u00e9dural, dans un contentieux o\u00f9 les sympt\u00f4mes surviennent tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t et s\u2019\u00e9vanouissent parfois apr\u00e8s intervention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Toulouse, 11 septembre 2025, 3e chambre, confirme un jugement du tribunal de commerce de Toulouse du 26 septembre 2023. 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L\u2019acqu\u00e9reur avait r\u00e9gl\u00e9 le solde pa...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/leyre-Th2MisvdKr0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/leyre-Th2MisvdKr0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/leyre-Th2MisvdKr0-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/leyre-Th2MisvdKr0-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/leyre-Th2MisvdKr0-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/leyre-Th2MisvdKr0-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":655412,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-30-septembre-2025-n24-00030\/","url_meta":{"origin":684789,"position":5},"title":"Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00030","author":"Kohen","date":"23 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"La Cour d'appel de Toulouse, par jugement du 30 septembre 2025, statue sur la fixation d'indemnit\u00e9s d'expropriation. 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