{"id":684997,"date":"2026-04-25T20:12:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:12:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-17-juin-2025-n24-06244\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:12:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:12:08","slug":"cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-17-juin-2025-n24-06244","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-17-juin-2025-n24-06244\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Montpellier, le 17 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/06244"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rendue par la cour d’appel de Montpellier le 17 juin 2025, la d\u00e9cision tranche un d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 contestant l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de conclusions intim\u00e9es dans une proc\u00e9dure fix\u00e9e \u00e0 bref d\u00e9lai. Le litige d\u2019origine portait sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des pr\u00e9rogatives d\u2019un comit\u00e9 social et \u00e9conomique, mais le d\u00e9bat soumis au d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 est exclusivement proc\u00e9dural et concerne les d\u00e9lais de l\u2019ancien article 905-2 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 12 juillet 2024 et un appel form\u00e9 le 30 juillet 2024, l\u2019affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9e \u00e0 bref d\u00e9lai le 3 septembre 2024. Les appelants ont conclu le 5 octobre 2024, tandis que l\u2019intim\u00e9e a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 des conclusions le 18 novembre 2024. Par ordonnance du 5 d\u00e9cembre 2024, les conclusions intim\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9es irrecevables pour tardivet\u00e9. L\u2019intim\u00e9e a saisi la cour par d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, les appelants n\u2019ayant pas conclu.<\/p>\n

L\u2019intim\u00e9e soutenait que l\u2019avis de fixation, incomplet sur le d\u00e9lai qui lui \u00e9tait imparti, m\u00e9connaissait l\u2019article 6 \u00a7 1 de la Convention, en cr\u00e9ant un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre proc\u00e9dural au d\u00e9triment de la d\u00e9fense. Elle invoquait un formalisme excessif, au regard du temps restant avant la cl\u00f4ture et de la possibilit\u00e9 pour les appelants de r\u00e9pliquer utilement.<\/p>\n

La question pos\u00e9e consistait \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si, en proc\u00e9dure \u00e0 bref d\u00e9lai, l\u2019irrecevabilit\u00e9 des conclusions de l\u2019intim\u00e9e d\u00e9pos\u00e9es au-del\u00e0 du mois suivant les conclusions adverses, nonobstant un avis de fixation silencieux sur ce d\u00e9lai, portait atteinte au droit \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable.<\/p>\n

La cour confirme l\u2019ordonnance. Elle rel\u00e8ve d\u2019abord que “l’intim\u00e9e ne conteste pas avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 destinataire le 3 septembre 2024 de l’avis de fixation de l’affaire \u00e0 bref d\u00e9lai”. Elle constate ensuite que “l’association a conclu le 18 novembre 2024, alors que l’article 905-2 ancien du code de proc\u00e9dure civile lui imposait de conclure dans le d\u00e9lai d’un mois \u00e0 compter des conclusions de l’appelant du 5 octobre 2024”. Enfin, la sanction n\u2019est pas disproportionn\u00e9e au sens de la Convention, le but de c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9 justifiant l\u2019exigence de rigueur.<\/p>\n

I. Le d\u00e9lai imp\u00e9ratif de l\u2019ancien article 905-2 et sa sanction<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le cadre l\u00e9gal de la proc\u00e9dure \u00e0 bref d\u00e9lai organise une cadence contrainte, assignant \u00e0 l\u2019intim\u00e9 un mois pour conclure \u00e0 compter des \u00e9critures d\u2019appel. L\u2019office du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat s\u2019exerce dans un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel formalis\u00e9, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en vue d\u2019assurer le traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 des appels avec repr\u00e9sentation obligatoire. La cour rappelle, dans le sillage de cette logique, que la connaissance de l\u2019avis de fixation suffit \u00e0 enclencher les effets des textes, m\u00eame si l\u2019avis ne reproduit pas tous les d\u00e9lais. Ce point ressort nettement de l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 selon lequel “ce dernier [d\u00e9lai] est destin\u00e9 in fine \u00e0 s’adresser aux justiciables non constitu\u00e9s, et non \u00e0 la partie repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par un professionnel du droit”.<\/p>\n

L\u2019application au cas d\u2019esp\u00e8ce ne souffrait gu\u00e8re d\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9. La cour constate la r\u00e9ception de l\u2019avis le 3 septembre 2024, puis la communication des conclusions adverses le 5 octobre 2024, de sorte que le d\u00e9lai butoir tombait un mois plus tard. Les conclusions intim\u00e9es du 18 novembre 2024 \u00e9taient donc hors d\u00e9lai. La d\u00e9cision ancre la sanction dans la finalit\u00e9 de c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9 et d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 attach\u00e9e \u00e0 ce circuit. La motivation est explicite lorsqu\u2019elle \u00e9nonce que “la sanction de l’article 905-2 ancien du code de proc\u00e9dure civile pr\u00e9voyant l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 des conclusions de l’intim\u00e9e ne constitue pas une sanction disproportionn\u00e9e au sens de l’article 6 \u00a7 1”.<\/p>\n

II. Le contr\u00f4le du formalisme au regard de l\u2019article 6 \u00a7 1 et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des armes<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019argument de formalisme excessif se heurte ici au contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9. La cour souligne que l\u2019objectif d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration commande une discipline stricte des d\u00e9lais, sp\u00e9cialement pour les parties assist\u00e9es d\u2019un conseil. Le grief tir\u00e9 du silence de l\u2019avis sur le d\u00e9lai de l\u2019intim\u00e9 est \u00e9cart\u00e9, la d\u00e9cision privil\u00e9giant la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles proc\u00e9durales sur le contenu variable des avis. Le raisonnement articule la finalit\u00e9 l\u00e9gitime poursuivie et l\u2019ad\u00e9quation de la sanction \u00e0 cette finalit\u00e9, sans m\u00e9conna\u00eetre l\u2019exigence d\u2019un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des armes est \u00e9galement appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e au regard du comportement des parties. La cour souligne \u00e0 juste titre que les appelants ont conclu dans le d\u00e9lai. Accorder une latitude suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 l\u2019intim\u00e9e alt\u00e9rerait l\u2019\u00e9quilibre du contradictoire et l\u2019\u00e9conomie du bref d\u00e9lai. La formule retenue en synth\u00e9tise l\u2019enjeu : “c’est accorder un d\u00e9lai suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 l’intim\u00e9e, au gr\u00e9 de cette derni\u00e8re, […] qui reviendrait \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre au profit de cette derni\u00e8re au pr\u00e9judice des appelants”. La solution confirme ainsi une ligne jurisprudentielle constante, qui r\u00e9serve l\u2019assouplissement aux cas d\u2019atteinte caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e aux droits de la d\u00e9fense, ce que l\u2019esp\u00e8ce ne r\u00e9v\u00e9lait pas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rendue par la cour d’appel de Montpellier le 17 juin 2025, la d\u00e9cision tranche un d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 contestant l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de conclusions intim\u00e9es dans une proc\u00e9du…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4728,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68524b5d57c4e2b05573a204","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68524b5d57c4e2b05573a204","_kj_judilibre_id":"68524b5d57c4e2b05573a204","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Montpellier","_kj_chambre":"Chambre commerciale","_kj_rg":"24\/06244","_kj_date":"2025-06-17","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Montpellier, le 17 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/06244 - 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