{"id":685461,"date":"2026-04-25T20:39:59","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:39:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-25-aout-2025-n24-00201\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:39:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:39:59","slug":"cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-25-aout-2025-n24-00201","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-25-aout-2025-n24-00201\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Noum\u00e9a, le 25 ao\u00fbt 2025, n\u00b024\/00201"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d\u2019appel de Noum\u00e9a, 25 ao\u00fbt 2025, tranche un litige de garantie des vices cach\u00e9s relatif \u00e0 une maison, marqu\u00e9 par un encha\u00eenement de cessions et un rapport d\u2019expertise d\u00e9taill\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision examine d\u2019abord l\u2019existence du vice lors de la vente initiale, puis l\u2019opposabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une clause de non\u2011garantie au regard du statut du vendeur. La cour statue enfin sur l\u2019\u00e9tendue des rem\u00e8des en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une revente intervenue avant la saisine.<\/p>\n

Les faits sont simples et d\u00e9terminants. Une vente initiale d\u2019un immeuble d\u2019habitation est suivie d\u2019une revente, puis de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de d\u00e9sordres graves affectant le plancher bas. Un expert judiciaire constate une corrosion g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e des armatures li\u00e9e \u00e0 un d\u00e9faut d\u2019enrobage. La vente intervenue avec le sous\u2011acqu\u00e9reur est r\u00e9solue, les acqu\u00e9reurs initiaux restituent le prix et r\u00e9int\u00e8grent la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 avant d\u2019assigner leur vendeur pour vices cach\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La proc\u00e9dure de premi\u00e8re instance retient l\u2019existence du vice, mais \u00e9carte la garantie en raison d\u2019une clause de non\u2011garantie jug\u00e9e opposable, le vendeur n\u2019\u00e9tant pas qualifi\u00e9 de professionnel. En appel, les acqu\u00e9reurs demandent l\u2019inopposabilit\u00e9 de la clause, soutenant la qualification de vendeur professionnel, \u00e0 tout le moins de constructeur\u2011vendeur, et sollicitent une r\u00e9duction du prix et des dommages\u2011int\u00e9r\u00eats. L\u2019intim\u00e9e conteste l\u2019imputabilit\u00e9 des d\u00e9sordres et r\u00e9affirme le caract\u00e8re occasionnel de la vente.<\/p>\n

La question centrale porte, d\u2019une part, sur la r\u00e9union des conditions de l\u2019article 1641 du code civil lors de la vente initiale, d\u2019autre part, sur l\u2019inopposabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une clause de non\u2011garantie si le vendeur est tenu pour constructeur\u2011vendeur, et enfin sur l\u2019articulation entre action estimatoire et demande indemnitaire, les acqu\u00e9reurs n\u2019\u00e9tant plus propri\u00e9taires au jour de l\u2019assignation. La cour confirme l\u2019existence d\u2019un vice cach\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieur, retient l\u2019implication d\u00e9terminante du vendeur dans la construction, \u00e9carte la clause, alloue une restitution partielle du prix \u00e0 hauteur de 80 %, et d\u00e9boute de la demande fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019article 1645 pour les chefs li\u00e9s \u00e0 une condamnation encourue vis\u2011\u00e0\u2011vis du sous\u2011acqu\u00e9reur.<\/p>\n

I. L\u2019admission du vice cach\u00e9 et sa causalit\u00e9<\/p>\n

A. La caract\u00e9risation technique et juridique du vice<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle le cadre l\u00e9gal avec pr\u00e9cision: \u00abSelon les articles 1641 et suivants du code civil, le vendeur est tenu de la garantie \u00e0 raison des vices cach\u00e9s de la chose vendue qui la rendent impropre \u00e0 l’usage auquel on la destine ou qui diminuent tellement cet usage que l’acheteur ne l’aurait pas acquise, ou n’en aurait donn\u00e9 qu’un moindre prix s’il les avait connus.\u00bb L\u2019affirmation de principe pr\u00e9pare une appr\u00e9ciation serr\u00e9e des constatations techniques.<\/p>\n

Sur pi\u00e8ces, l\u2019expertise constitue l\u2019armature probatoire. La cour \u00e9nonce d\u2019abord: \u00abAu cas d’esp\u00e8ce, la mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 des d\u00e9sordres n’est pas contestable.\u00bb Puis elle retient la cause d\u00e9terminante: \u00abIl expose que les poutrelles acier qui arment ce plancher sont tr\u00e8s fortement oxyd\u00e9es et que cette oxydation tr\u00e8s avanc\u00e9e est la cons\u00e9quence d’un manque d’enrobage, ce qui constitue un manquement aux r\u00e8gles de l’art.\u00bb La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la norme BAEL 91 renforce la pertinence technique du raisonnement, tandis que la documentation concurrente est neutralis\u00e9e au regard de ses conditions d\u2019emploi en atmosph\u00e8re agressive.<\/p>\n

L\u2019argument visant l\u2019absence d\u2019exposition aux embruns est \u00e9cart\u00e9 sans h\u00e9sitation: \u00abCependant, il convient d’\u00e9carter ce moyen, qui ne repose sur aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment de preuve, techniquement document\u00e9.\u00bb L\u2019office probatoire du juge d\u2019appel se conforme ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la preuve technique, solidement \u00e9tay\u00e9e, et circonscrit les causes aggravantes \u00e0 un r\u00f4le accessoire.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9, le caract\u00e8re cach\u00e9 et le partage d\u2019imputabilit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision consacre les trois crit\u00e8res du vice cach\u00e9 avec clart\u00e9. Elle rel\u00e8ve que \u00abni l’ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 des vices \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re vente [\u2026], ni le fait qu’ils n’\u00e9taient pas visibles, ni d\u00e9celables \u00e0 l’\u0153il nu \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque\u2011l\u00e0, ni m\u00eame leurs cons\u00e9quences particuli\u00e8rement graves sur la solidit\u00e9 de l’ouvrage [\u2026], ne sont remis en cause devant la cour.\u00bb La formulation retient la gravit\u00e9 de l\u2019atteinte \u00e0 la destination, ce qui verrouille le champ de l\u2019article 1641.<\/p>\n

La cour adopte ensuite une approche causale gradu\u00e9e et op\u00e8re un partage. Le d\u00e9faut d\u2019enrobage et la ventilation insuffisante du vide sanitaire constituent les causes premi\u00e8res, tandis que des interventions ult\u00e9rieures ont aggrav\u00e9 les d\u00e9sordres. La part du vendeur est fix\u00e9e \u00e0 80 %, ce qui irrigue la liquidation de l\u2019action estimatoire. Ce calibrage, fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019efficience causale, respecte la logique de l\u2019action en r\u00e9duction de prix, laquelle compense la perte d\u2019utilit\u00e9 au prorata de la contribution du vice imputable.<\/p>\n

II. L\u2019inopposabilit\u00e9 de la clause et le r\u00e9gime des rem\u00e8des<\/p>\n

A. La qualification de constructeur\u2011vendeur et la pr\u00e9somption de connaissance<\/p>\n

La cour resitue le principe directeur: \u00abLa jurisprudence de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9torienne a d\u00e9gag\u00e9 de ce texte une pr\u00e9somption irr\u00e9fragable de la connaissance du vice par le vendeur professionnel, s’expliquant par le fait qu’il pr\u00e9sente les comp\u00e9tences requises pour d\u00e9celer les vices de l’immeuble qu’il a entre ses mains et qu’il fait par cons\u00e9quent preuve de mauvaise foi en ins\u00e9rant une clause excluant la garantie des vices cach\u00e9s.\u00bb Le contr\u00f4le porte alors sur la qualit\u00e9 du vendeur au regard des circonstances concr\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019office du juge est rappel\u00e9 avec sobri\u00e9t\u00e9: \u00abIl appartient ainsi \u00e0 la cour de d\u00e9terminer au vu des circonstances de l’esp\u00e8ce, si, au moment de la vente, [le vendeur] pr\u00e9sentait les qualit\u00e9s d’un vendeur professionnel [\u2026], soit qu’elle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 directement impliqu\u00e9e dans la construction de l’immeuble litigieux, en proc\u00e9dant \u00e0 l’aide de ses propres ressources \u00e0 l’acte de b\u00e2tir ou en jouant le r\u00f4le de ma\u00eetre d’\u0153uvre aupr\u00e8s des artisans.\u00bb Faute d\u2019habitude de vente suffisante, la cour retient l\u2019autre voie d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9somption.<\/p>\n

Le choix est net: \u00abEn revanche, la cour estime que sa qualit\u00e9 de constructeur \u2011 vendeur doit \u00eatre retenue.\u00bb Les pi\u00e8ces contractuelles et techniques r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une ma\u00eetrise effective du chantier, sans d\u00e9l\u00e9gation av\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 un ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u0153uvre. L\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 conclusif s\u2019impose: \u00abCompte tenu de l’ensemble de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, la cour retient l’implication majeure de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 venderesse, via la personne de son g\u00e9rant, dans les op\u00e9rations de construction de l’immeuble litigieux, et la tient en cons\u00e9quence pour constructeur \u2011vendeur du bien.\u00bb L\u2019inopposabilit\u00e9 de la clause de non\u2011garantie d\u00e9coule alors m\u00e9caniquement de la pr\u00e9somption de connaissance.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019articulation de l\u2019action estimatoire et du refus des dommages\u2011int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle la nature de l\u2019action choisie, adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 la revente intervenue avant l\u2019assignation: \u00abL’action estimatoire d\u00e9finie par l’article 1641 du code civil, a vocation \u00e0 compenser la perte d’utilit\u00e9 de la chose.\u00bb La m\u00e9thode de chiffrage retient le co\u00fbt des travaux n\u00e9cessaires, pond\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019imputabilit\u00e9 de 80 %, d\u2019o\u00f9 une restitution partielle du prix pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment liquid\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La demande additionnelle fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019article 1645 est analys\u00e9e distinctement. La cour admet en droit son principe lorsque la mauvaise foi du vendeur est pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e, en posant que \u00abpar ailleurs, en raison de la mauvaise foi pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 venderesse, ils peuvent \u00e9galement pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration des autres pr\u00e9judices subis, distincts de la perte de valeur de l’immeuble, d\u00e9coulant des vices cach\u00e9s sur le fondement de l’article 1645 du code civil.\u00bb Elle la rejette cependant in concreto, les chefs r\u00e9clam\u00e9s correspondant \u00e0 une condamnation n\u00e9e des relations avec le sous\u2011acqu\u00e9reur et imputable \u00e0 la conduite des demandeurs. La solution pr\u00e9serve la coh\u00e9rence des r\u00e9gimes, \u00e9vite un transfert indu d\u2019un passif \u00e9tranger au vice, et circonscrit l\u2019indemnisation \u00e0 la sph\u00e8re causale propre des d\u00e9fauts.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ensemble conf\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat une valeur p\u00e9dagogique nette. La qualification de constructeur\u2011vendeur, pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 celle de vendeur professionnel par habitude, est solidement ancr\u00e9e dans les indices factuels du pilotage du chantier. La port\u00e9e pratique est claire: une implication substantielle dans l\u2019acte de b\u00e2tir emporte pr\u00e9somption de connaissance et neutralise les clauses de non\u2011garantie, tandis que l\u2019action estimatoire demeure l\u2019outil ad\u00e9quat en cas de revente ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019instance, modul\u00e9e par un partage d\u2019imputabilit\u00e9 rigoureux.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d\u2019appel de Noum\u00e9a, 25 ao\u00fbt 2025, tranche un litige de garantie des vices cach\u00e9s relatif \u00e0 une maison, marqu\u00e9 par un encha\u00eenement de cessions et un ra…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ad7809bf747ee35a7739de","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ad7809bf747ee35a7739de","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ad7809bf747ee35a7739de","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Noum\u00e9a","_kj_chambre":"Chambre Civile","_kj_rg":"24\/00201","_kj_date":"2025-08-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-685461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Noum\u00e9a, le 25 ao\u00fbt 2025, n\u00b024\/00201 - 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Le litige na\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andre-benz-AiORnUT6sC0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andre-benz-AiORnUT6sC0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andre-benz-AiORnUT6sC0-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andre-benz-AiORnUT6sC0-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andre-benz-AiORnUT6sC0-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/andre-benz-AiORnUT6sC0-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":421354,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-3-janvier-2012-n11-00075\/","url_meta":{"origin":685461,"position":1},"title":"Cour d’appel de Noum\u00e9a, le 3 janvier 2012, n\u00b011\/00075","author":"Kohen","date":"22 March 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Un associ\u00e9 c\u00e9dant ses parts \u00e0 un autre associ\u00e9 dirigeant a saisi le juge apr\u00e8s la revente rapide de ces parts par l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur \u00e0 un tiers \u00e0 un prix bien sup\u00e9rieur. Le c\u00e9dant invoquait une r\u00e9ticence dolosive. Le Tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance de Noum\u00e9a, par jugement du 24 janvier 2011,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jakob-braun-S7d5wbPWb_A-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jakob-braun-S7d5wbPWb_A-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jakob-braun-S7d5wbPWb_A-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jakob-braun-S7d5wbPWb_A-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jakob-braun-S7d5wbPWb_A-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jakob-braun-S7d5wbPWb_A-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":433251,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-16-aout-2012-n11-95\/","url_meta":{"origin":685461,"position":2},"title":"Cour d’appel de Noum\u00e9a, le 16 ao\u00fbt 2012, n\u00b011\/95","author":"Kohen","date":"24 March 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Un voilier en acier fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une expertise en mars 2005 \u00e0 la demande d\u2019acqu\u00e9reurs potentiels. Le rapport conclut \u00e0 un bon \u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et une aptitude \u00e0 la navigation. Le navire est vendu successivement en mai 2005, f\u00e9vrier 2006 puis juillet 2006. Les derniers acqu\u00e9reurs d\u00e9couvrent en janvier 2007\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":535576,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-9-juillet-2025-n19-00357\/","url_meta":{"origin":685461,"position":3},"title":"Cour d’appel de Noum\u00e9a, le 9 juillet 2025, n\u00b019\/00357","author":"Kohen","date":"9 April 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"La Cour d'appel de Noum\u00e9a, statuant le 9 juillet 2025, examine un litige cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 la vente d'une villa pr\u00e9sentant de nombreux d\u00e9sordres. Les acqu\u00e9reurs d...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nathan-cima-L89SN03SJK8-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nathan-cima-L89SN03SJK8-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nathan-cima-L89SN03SJK8-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nathan-cima-L89SN03SJK8-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nathan-cima-L89SN03SJK8-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nathan-cima-L89SN03SJK8-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":304129,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-noumea-le-6-octobre-2025-n24-00019\/","url_meta":{"origin":685461,"position":4},"title":"Cour d’appel de Noum\u00e9a, le 6 octobre 2025, n\u00b024\/00019","author":"Kohen","date":"5 February 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"La Cour d\u2019appel de Noum\u00e9a, dans un arr\u00eat du 6 octobre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d\u2019un litige entre d\u2019anciennes partenaires li\u00e9es par un pacte civil de solidarit\u00e9 dissous. L\u2019objet principal concernait la liquidation des int\u00e9r\u00eats patrimoniaux n\u00e9s de l\u2019acquisition et de la revente de biens immobiliers durant leur union. Le\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/giammarco-boscaro-zeH-ljawHtg-unsplash.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":234123,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-de-justice-de-lunion-europeenne-le-3-juillet-2012-nc-128-11\/","url_meta":{"origin":685461,"position":5},"title":"Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, le 3 juillet 2012, n\u00b0C-128\/11","author":"Kohen","date":"28 December 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"La Cour de justice de l'Union europ\u00e9enne a rendu, le 3 juillet 2012, une d\u00e9cision majeure relative \u00e0 la protection des programmes d'ordinateur. Ce litige oppose un \u00e9diteur de logiciels \u00e0 une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la revente de licences d'occasion acquises par voie de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement. Le cr\u00e9ateur du programme proposait\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cour de justice de l'Union europeenne"","block_context":{"text":"Cour de justice de l'Union europeenne","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-de-justice-de-lunion-europeenne\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/xavier-photography-Cgzlv8ZL188-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/xavier-photography-Cgzlv8ZL188-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/xavier-photography-Cgzlv8ZL188-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/xavier-photography-Cgzlv8ZL188-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/xavier-photography-Cgzlv8ZL188-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/xavier-photography-Cgzlv8ZL188-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/685461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=685461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/685461\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=685461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=685461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=685461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}