{"id":685599,"date":"2026-04-25T20:51:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-11-septembre-2025-n24-17530\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:51:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:51:19","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-11-septembre-2025-n24-17530","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-11-septembre-2025-n24-17530\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 11 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/17530"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Paris, 11 septembre 2025, confirme une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ayant constat\u00e9 l’acquisition d\u2019une clause r\u00e9solutoire dans un bail d\u2019habitation et ordonn\u00e9 l\u2019expulsion. Le bail, conclu en 2004 et renouvel\u00e9 en 2022, a connu des impay\u00e9s. Un commandement de payer visant la clause r\u00e9solutoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 signifi\u00e9, puis une assignation en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 a suivi. Le premier juge a retenu l\u2019acquisition de la clause et une indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation \u00e0 compter d\u2019une date post\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019assignation.<\/p>\n

Devant la cour, la locataire invoquait l\u2019irrecevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019assignation pour d\u00e9faut de notification pr\u00e9fectorale dans le d\u00e9lai requis et sollicitait la suspension des effets de la clause, l\u2019octroi de d\u00e9lais de paiement, \u00e0 titre subsidiaire un d\u00e9lai pour quitter les lieux. Le bailleur demandait la confirmation. La question portait, d\u2019une part, sur le respect du formalisme protecteur de l\u2019article 24 de la loi du 6 juillet 1989, d\u2019autre part, sur les conditions d\u2019octroi des d\u00e9lais et de suspension, ainsi que du d\u00e9lai pour quitter sur le fondement des articles L. 412-3 et L. 412-4 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d\u2019ex\u00e9cution.<\/p>\n

La cour rejette la fin de non-recevoir, confirme les mesures prononc\u00e9es et refuse les am\u00e9nagements sollicit\u00e9s. Le dispositif retient que la cour “Confirme l’ordonnance entreprise en ses dispositions soumises \u00e0 la cour”. La motivation s\u2019appuie notamment sur la preuve de la notification pr\u00e9fectorale en temps utile, l\u2019absence de reprise int\u00e9grale des loyers courants avant l\u2019audience, l\u2019insuffisance des justificatifs de situation, et un d\u00e9faut de d\u00e9marches \u00e9tablies de relogement.<\/p>\n

I. La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la saisine et l\u2019acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire<\/p>\n

A. La notification pr\u00e9fectorale: exigence probatoire et effectivit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La juridiction d\u2019appel rappelle le texte applicable et son articulation proc\u00e9durale. Elle cite que “En application de l’article 24 de la loi du 6 juillet 1989, \u00e0 peine d’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de la demande, l’assignation aux fins de constat de la r\u00e9siliation du bail est notifi\u00e9e \u00e0 la diligence du commissaire de justice au repr\u00e9sentant de l’ Etat dans le d\u00e9partement au moins six semaines avant l’audience, afin qu’il saisisse l’organisme comp\u00e9tent […]”. Elle rel\u00e8ve encore que “Cette notification s’effectue par voie \u00e9lectronique par l’interm\u00e9diaire du syst\u00e8me d’information pr\u00e9vu au dernier alin\u00e9a de l’article 7-2 de la m\u00eame loi”.<\/p>\n

L\u2019analyse simple et factuelle emporte la d\u00e9cision. La preuve d\u2019une transmission \u00e9lectronique plus de six semaines avant l\u2019audience ressort du dossier. L\u2019exigence l\u00e9gale, strictement \u00e9nonc\u00e9e, conditionne la recevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019action, mais n\u2019instaure pas un formalisme excessif d\u00e8s lors que “La saisine de l’organisme mentionn\u00e9 \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re phrase du pr\u00e9sent III peut s’effectuer par voie \u00e9lectronique, selon des modalit\u00e9s fix\u00e9es par d\u00e9cret”. La fin de non-recevoir est donc \u00e9cart\u00e9e, sans qu\u2019un grief utile ne subsiste.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire et l\u2019office du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/p>\n

Le premier juge a constat\u00e9 l\u2019acquisition de la clause \u00e0 l\u2019issue du d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal suivant le commandement, en l\u2019absence d\u2019apurement. La cour, saisie de l\u2019entier litige, valide cette appr\u00e9ciation. L\u2019ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 avait retenu l\u2019absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur la dette et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la clause. L\u2019appel ne pr\u00e9sente aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment nouveau sur l\u2019exigibilit\u00e9, ni sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution dans les d\u00e9lais pos\u00e9s par le commandement.<\/p>\n

La confirmation emporte les cons\u00e9quences classiques: lib\u00e9ration des lieux, indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation au montant contractuel, et rappel du r\u00e9gime du mobilier saisi selon le code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d\u2019ex\u00e9cution. La d\u00e9cision ainsi stabilis\u00e9e recentre le d\u00e9bat sur d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles mesures de faveur, que la cour examine ensuite de mani\u00e8re autonome.<\/p>\n

II. Le refus d\u2019am\u00e9nagements: d\u00e9lais de paiement et d\u00e9lai pour quitter les lieux<\/p>\n

A. La suspension de la clause: reprise int\u00e9grale et capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e8glement<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime l\u00e9gal de la suspension est fermement rappel\u00e9. Le texte vis\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise que “Si le locataire se lib\u00e8re de sa dette locative dans le d\u00e9lai et selon les modalit\u00e9s fix\u00e9es par le juge, la clause de r\u00e9siliation de plein droit est r\u00e9put\u00e9e ne pas avoir jou\u00e9. Dans le cas contraire, elle reprend son plein effet”. La motivation souligne \u00e9galement que “Cette suspension prend fin d\u00e8s le premier impay\u00e9 ou d\u00e8s lors que le locataire ne se lib\u00e8re pas de sa dette locative dans le d\u00e9lai et selon les modalit\u00e9s fix\u00e9es par le juge”.<\/p>\n

L\u2019appr\u00e9ciation factuelle est d\u00e9cisive. L\u2019absence de paiement du loyer courant avant l\u2019audience et la persistance d\u2019un arri\u00e9r\u00e9 significatif caract\u00e9risent la d\u00e9faillance des conditions cumulatives pos\u00e9es par la loi. Le dossier ne justifie pas davantage de la capacit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re actuelle ni d\u2019un plan cr\u00e9dible d\u2019apurement. La mesure de faveur, strictement encadr\u00e9e par le texte, ne peut prosp\u00e9rer en l\u2019\u00e9tat de pi\u00e8ces lacunaires et d\u2019un d\u00e9faut de reprise int\u00e9grale. Le refus de suspension et de d\u00e9lais s\u2019inscrit, d\u00e8s lors, dans le droit positif constant.<\/p>\n

B. Le d\u00e9lai pour quitter les lieux: crit\u00e8res l\u00e9gaux et contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Sur le fondement des articles L. 412-3 et L. 412-4 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, la cour rappelle que “Les articles L.412-3 et L.412-4 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d’ex\u00e9cution pr\u00e9voient que le juge peut accorder des d\u00e9lais renouvelables aux occupants de locaux d’habitation dont l’expulsion aura \u00e9t\u00e9 ordonn\u00e9e judiciairement, chaque fois que le relogement des int\u00e9ress\u00e9s ne pourra avoir lieu dans des conditions normales”. Elle \u00e9nonce, de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9cise, que “La dur\u00e9e des d\u00e9lais ne peut \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 ‘un mois’ ni sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 ‘un an’ et il doit \u00eatre tenu compte de la bonne ou mauvaise volont\u00e9 manifest\u00e9e par l’occupant […] ainsi que des diligences que l’occupant justifie avoir faites en vue de son relogement”.<\/p>\n

La preuve exig\u00e9e porte sur la situation, les efforts de relogement et la bonne foi d\u2019ex\u00e9cution. Les pi\u00e8ces produites n\u2019\u00e9tablissent pas d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisants, ni de d\u00e9marches actives cr\u00e9dibles. La juridiction d\u2019appel adopte une grille d\u2019analyse fid\u00e8le au texte, sensibles aux circonstances concr\u00e8tes et au crit\u00e8re de proportionnalit\u00e9. L\u2019arr\u00eat pr\u00e9cise que “Dans ces conditions, la demande de d\u00e9lai pour quitter les lieux sera rejet\u00e9e”. La solution conforte la finalit\u00e9 des d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux hypoth\u00e8ses o\u00f9 un relogement, raisonnablement envisageable, requiert un temps encadr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision confirme en outre les d\u00e9pens et frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles selon une motivation br\u00e8ve et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re: “Les dispositions de l’ordonnance relatives aux d\u00e9pens et \u00e0 l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile seront confirm\u00e9es”. L\u2019ensemble compose une application rigoureuse des m\u00e9canismes protecteurs, sans d\u00e9naturer leur objet ni affaiblir l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de la clause r\u00e9solutoire face \u00e0 une d\u00e9faillance persistante.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, 11 septembre 2025, confirme une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ayant constat\u00e9 l’acquisition d\u2019une clause r\u00e9solutoire dans un bail d\u2019habitatio…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68c3adbb84335e36ff4212e0","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68c3adbb84335e36ff4212e0","_kj_judilibre_id":"68c3adbb84335e36ff4212e0","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 1 - Chambre 3","_kj_rg":"24\/17530","_kj_date":"2025-09-11","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-685599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 11 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/17530 - 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