{"id":742694,"date":"2026-04-29T02:47:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T00:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bobigny-le-23-janvier-2026-n25-07053\/"},"modified":"2026-04-29T02:47:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T00:47:41","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-bobigny-le-23-janvier-2026-n25-07053","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bobigny-le-23-janvier-2026-n25-07053\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Bobigny, le 23 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/07053"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal de proximit\u00e9 de Pantin, par un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire du 23 janvier 2026, statue sur une demande en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 l’encontre d’un emprunteur d\u00e9faillant. Un cr\u00e9dit permanent avait \u00e9t\u00e9 consenti en 2007, mais plusieurs \u00e9ch\u00e9ances impay\u00e9es ont conduit le pr\u00eateur \u00e0 se pr\u00e9valoir de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme et \u00e0 assigner l’emprunteur qui n’a pas comparu. La question de droit centrale porte sur la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et le quantum des sommes dues, incluant la clause p\u00e9nale et la capitalisation des int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le juge d\u00e9clare l’action recevable, condamne l’emprunteur au paiement de la somme principale et r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement la clause p\u00e9nale \u00e0 un euro, tout en \u00e9cartant la demande de capitalisation des int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et la preuve du formalisme informatif<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle que l’action en paiement doit \u00eatre form\u00e9e dans les deux ans de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement qui lui a donn\u00e9 naissance, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article R. 312-35 du Code de la consommation. Il estime que la demande de l’\u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit est recevable sans autre pr\u00e9cision sur le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai. En revanche, le juge souligne qu’il appartient au cr\u00e9ancier de justifier du strict respect du formalisme informatif pr\u00e9vu par le Code de la consommation. Il \u00e9num\u00e8re les pi\u00e8ces n\u00e9cessaires, notamment l’original du contrat, le bordereau de r\u00e9tractation, la fiche de dialogue et la consultation FICP.<\/p>\n

La valeur de cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9side dans le contr\u00f4le syst\u00e9matique des formalit\u00e9s protectrices du consommateur, m\u00eame en l’absence de contestation. En exigeant la production de l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des documents contractuels, le juge exerce son office conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article R. 632-1 du Code de la consommation. La port\u00e9e de ce contr\u00f4le est d’inciter les \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 conserver rigoureusement toutes les pi\u00e8ces justificatives sous peine de voir leur demande rejet\u00e9e. Le jugement affirme ainsi la primaut\u00e9 de l’ordre public consum\u00e9riste sur la simple ex\u00e9cution du contrat.<\/p>\n

Sur le quantum des condamnations et l’absence de capitalisation des int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/p>\n

Le juge fait droit \u00e0 la demande en paiement pour le capital restant d\u00fb et les mensualit\u00e9s impay\u00e9es, soit 10 421,93 euros avec int\u00e9r\u00eats au taux conventionnel. Il r\u00e9duit l’indemnit\u00e9 de 8 % pr\u00e9vue au contrat \u00e0 un euro en application de l’article 1231-5 du Code civil, jugeant cette clause p\u00e9nale manifestement excessive. Il \u00e9carte \u00e9galement la demande de capitalisation des int\u00e9r\u00eats au motif que l’article L. 312-38 du Code de la consommation ne pr\u00e9voit pas un tel co\u00fbt.<\/p>\n

La valeur de cette solution est double : elle module la clause p\u00e9nale pour \u00e9viter un enrichissement du pr\u00eateur et interdit toute capitalisation non express\u00e9ment pr\u00e9vue par le texte. La port\u00e9e est d’affirmer que le r\u00e9gime protecteur du cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation est d’ordre public et qu’aucun co\u00fbt suppl\u00e9mentaire ne peut \u00eatre impos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’emprunteur au-del\u00e0 de ceux list\u00e9s par la loi. Le jugement rappelle ainsi la limite du pouvoir du juge face \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 des parties, m\u00eame en l’absence de d\u00e9bat contradictoire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal de proximit\u00e9 de Pantin, par un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire du 23 janvier 2026, statue sur une demande en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6983ddd5cdc6046d47f235aa","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6983ddd5cdc6046d47f235aa","_kj_judilibre_id":"6983ddd5cdc6046d47f235aa","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Bobigny","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 26 \/ Proxi fond","_kj_rg":"25\/07053","_kj_date":"2026-01-23","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-742694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Bobigny, le 23 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/07053 - 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