{"id":769460,"date":"2026-04-30T02:35:49","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T00:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-8-janvier-2026-n25-00493\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T02:35:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T00:35:49","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-8-janvier-2026-n25-00493","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-8-janvier-2026-n25-00493\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 8 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/00493"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection du tribunal judiciaire de Marseille a rendu une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 5 mars 2026. Un bailleur social avait assign\u00e9 ses locataires pour constater l’acquisition d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire et obtenir leur expulsion en raison d’impay\u00e9s locatifs. Les locataires avaient obtenu un plan de surendettement imposant une suspension de l’exigibilit\u00e9 de la dette locative. La question de droit portait sur la compatibilit\u00e9 entre l’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire et les mesures impos\u00e9es par la commission de surendettement. Le juge a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la demande recevable, constat\u00e9 l’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire, mais en a suspendu les effets pour vingt-quatre mois.<\/p>\n

L’office du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s face \u00e0 une proc\u00e9dure de surendettement en cours.<\/p>\n

Le juge a d’abord v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande du bailleur en contr\u00f4lant le respect des notifications pr\u00e9alables. Il a relev\u00e9 que “la situation d’impay\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e \u00e0 la CCAPEX le 25 septembre 2024, soit deux mois au moins avant la d\u00e9livrance de l’assignation le 21 janvier 2025”<\/em> (Motifs). Cette solution rappelle que le non-respect de ces formalit\u00e9s est une fin de non-recevoir d’ordre public. La valeur de ce contr\u00f4le est ainsi de garantir la protection pr\u00e9ventive du locataire avant toute action judiciaire. La port\u00e9e est pratique car elle impose au bailleur une rigueur proc\u00e9durale absolue.<\/p>\n

Le juge a ensuite constat\u00e9 l’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire au 25 novembre 2024, apr\u00e8s l’expiration du d\u00e9lai de deux mois suivant le commandement. Il a cependant imm\u00e9diatement suspendu ses effets en application de l’article 24 VI de la loi du 6 juillet 1989. Il a accord\u00e9 un d\u00e9lai de vingt-quatre mois, correspondant \u00e0 la suspension de vingt et un mois impos\u00e9e par la commission, prolong\u00e9e de trois mois. Cette articulation permet de concilier la constatation juridique de la r\u00e9siliation avec la protection sociale du locataire surendett\u00e9. La port\u00e9e est essentielle car elle subordonne le maintien des effets de la clause au paiement du loyer courant.<\/p>\n

La condamnation provisionnelle et l’articulation avec les mesures de surendettement.<\/p>\n

Le juge a condamn\u00e9 solidairement les locataires \u00e0 payer une provision de 3 611,71 euros au titre de l’arri\u00e9r\u00e9 locatif. Il a d\u00e9duit du d\u00e9compte les frais de proc\u00e9dure, estimant que “le co\u00fbt des actes est inclus dans les d\u00e9pens”<\/em> (Motifs). Cette pr\u00e9cision rappelle la distinction entre les sommes dues au titre du contrat et les frais accessoires de justice. La valeur de cette solution est de cantonner la provision aux seules obligations contractuelles non s\u00e9rieusement contestables. La port\u00e9e est de prot\u00e9ger le locataire contre une double facturation des frais de justice.<\/p>\n

Enfin, le juge a suspendu l’exigibilit\u00e9 de cette dette locative jusqu’au 31 ao\u00fbt 2027, conform\u00e9ment au plan de surendettement. Il a assorti cette suspension d’une clause de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme en cas de non-paiement du loyer courant. Cette mesure permet au locataire de se maintenir dans les lieux tout en apurant sa dette selon les modalit\u00e9s impos\u00e9es. La valeur de cette d\u00e9cision est de donner plein effet aux d\u00e9cisions de la commission de surendettement. La port\u00e9e est de rappeler que la suspension des effets de la clause r\u00e9solutoire reste conditionn\u00e9e \u00e0 la bonne ex\u00e9cution du plan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection du tribunal judiciaire de Marseille a rendu une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 5 mars 2026. 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