{"id":771635,"date":"2026-04-30T04:31:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T02:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-rouen-le-8-janvier-2026-n24-03993\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T04:31:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T02:31:51","slug":"cour-dappel-de-rouen-le-8-janvier-2026-n24-03993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/cour-dappel-de-rouen-le-8-janvier-2026-n24-03993\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Rouen, le 8 janvier 2026, n\u00b024\/03993"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Par un arr\u00eat du 8 janvier 2026, la cour d\u2019appel de Rouen s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur les obligations n\u00e9es d\u2019un protocole de cession de parts sociales. Deux associ\u00e9es majoritaires contestaient la recevabilit\u00e9 et le bien-fond\u00e9 des demandes de cinq associ\u00e9s minoritaires, lesquels r\u00e9clamaient le remboursement de leurs comptes courants et la cession forc\u00e9e des parts restantes. La question centrale portait sur la port\u00e9e d\u2019un d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance ant\u00e9rieur et sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019un contrat synallagmatique imparfait. La cour a confirm\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019action et la condamnation au paiement des comptes courants, tout en infirmant le jugement sur le refus de la cession forc\u00e9e des parts.<\/p>\n

I. La recevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019action pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e par la distinction des objets<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte d\u2019abord la fin de non-recevoir tir\u00e9e du d\u00e9sistement d\u2019instance et d\u2019action intervenu devant le tribunal de grande instance. Elle rappelle que ce d\u00e9sistement ne concerne que l\u2019action diligent\u00e9e devant cette juridiction et ne peut avoir aucune cons\u00e9quence sur une nouvelle demande ayant un objet diff\u00e9rent. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, les associ\u00e9s minoritaires n\u2019avaient pas sollicit\u00e9 le remboursement de leurs comptes courants ni la cession forc\u00e9e des parts dans la premi\u00e8re instance. Le principe de concentration des moyens, invoqu\u00e9 par les appelantes, n\u2019\u00e9quivaut pas \u00e0 une obligation de concentrer toutes les demandes possibles. Ainsi, la cour affirme que le d\u00e9sistement d\u2019action n\u2019interdit nullement aux intim\u00e9s d\u2019agir en justice pour ces chefs de demande nouveaux. Cette solution s\u2019inscrit dans une conception restrictive de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du d\u00e9sistement, lequel n\u2019\u00e9teint que la pr\u00e9tention soumise au juge saisi. Elle \u00e9carte \u00e9galement l\u2019argument d\u2019une pr\u00e9tendue identit\u00e9 d\u2019objet, confirmant que l\u2019action en paiement et l\u2019action en ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e sont distinctes de l\u2019action en nullit\u00e9 et en rectification de comptes ant\u00e9rieure. Le sens de cette d\u00e9cision est de pr\u00e9server le droit d\u2019agir des cr\u00e9anciers d\u2019une obligation contractuelle non ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e, sans les enfermer dans une option unique. Sa valeur est celle d\u2019un rappel proc\u00e9dural classique, mais sa port\u00e9e est notable : elle emp\u00eache qu\u2019un d\u00e9sistement strat\u00e9gique, intervenu apr\u00e8s la vente du fonds, ne paralyse d\u00e9finitivement les demandes en ex\u00e9cution du protocole. La cour garantit ainsi l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 du contrat en permettant aux c\u00e9dants de poursuivre s\u00e9par\u00e9ment chaque obligation non respect\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

II. L\u2019ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e du protocole malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9faillance du d\u00e9biteur<\/p>\n

Sur le fond, la cour confirme la condamnation au paiement des comptes courants, les appelantes n\u2019ayant formul\u00e9 aucune observation pour s\u2019y opposer. Elle se fonde sur le protocole du 28 novembre 2017 qui pr\u00e9voit express\u00e9ment l\u2019obligation de remboursement. Cette confirmation est logique et sans d\u00e9bat. Le point central r\u00e9side dans la demande de cession forc\u00e9e des 49 % de parts restantes. Le protocole subordonnait cette cession au paiement int\u00e9gral des comptes courants, et les c\u00e9dants pouvaient d\u00e9caler la cession jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce paiement. Les appelantes soutenaient que leur propre d\u00e9faillance emp\u00eachait la r\u00e9alisation du terme. La cour rejette ce moyen en affirmant que la stipulation contractuelle selon laquelle les porteurs de parts restantes sont en droit de d\u00e9caler leur cession \u00e0 l\u2019issue du paiement int\u00e9gral des comptes courants d\u2019associ\u00e9s \u00e9tant une garantie pour les c\u00e9dants, Mmes [M] et [I] ne peuvent opposer leur propre d\u00e9faillance \u00e0 MM. [O] [L], [W] [L], [Y] [K], [S] [K] et [T] [R] pour soutenir que le terme contractuellement pr\u00e9vu n\u2019est pas survenu. Ce moyen est inop\u00e9rant. (Motifs, point 3). La cour applique ici l\u2019adage selon lequel nul ne peut se pr\u00e9valoir de sa propre turpitude. Le sens de cette solution est de sanctionner l\u2019inex\u00e9cution contractuelle en interdisant au d\u00e9biteur de l\u2019invoquer comme obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de ses propres obligations. La valeur de l\u2019arr\u00eat est celle d\u2019une interpr\u00e9tation t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique du contrat : la clause de report de cession prot\u00e8ge le c\u00e9dant, non le cessionnaire d\u00e9faillant. Sa port\u00e9e est importante en droit des contrats, car elle emp\u00eache le d\u00e9biteur de transformer une garantie offerte au cr\u00e9ancier en une exception dilatoire. En ordonnant la cession forc\u00e9e sans astreinte, la cour r\u00e9tablit l\u2019\u00e9quilibre contractuel et donne plein effet \u00e0 l\u2019engagement de rachat total des parts, ind\u00e9pendamment de la vente ult\u00e9rieure du fonds de commerce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat du 8 janvier 2026, la cour d\u2019appel de Rouen s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur les obligations n\u00e9es d\u2019un protocole de cession de parts sociales. Deux associ\u00e9es…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6960b6bacdc6046d47b87719","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6960b6bacdc6046d47b87719","_kj_judilibre_id":"6960b6bacdc6046d47b87719","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Rouen","_kj_chambre":"Ch. civile et commerciale","_kj_rg":"24\/03993","_kj_date":"2026-01-08","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-771635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Rouen, le 8 janvier 2026, n\u00b024\/03993 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par un arr\u00eat du 8 janvier 2026, la cour d\u2019appel de Rouen s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur les obligations n\u00e9es d\u2019un protocole de cession de parts sociales. 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