{"id":797970,"date":"2026-05-01T06:04:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T04:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/conseil-constitutionnel-le-3-mai-2023-n2023-5\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T06:04:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T04:04:07","slug":"conseil-constitutionnel-le-3-mai-2023-n2023-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/conseil-constitutionnel-le-3-mai-2023-n2023-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Conseil constitutionnel, le 3 mai 2023, n\u00b02023-5"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Conseil constitutionnel a rendu une d\u00e9cision majeure le 3 mai 2023, dans le cadre du contr\u00f4le a priori d’une proposition de loi r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire. La proposition de loi, d\u00e9pos\u00e9e par un cinqui\u00e8me des parlementaires, visait \u00e0 fixer l’\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal de d\u00e9part \u00e0 la retraite \u00e0 soixante-deux ans et \u00e0 augmenter la contribution des revenus du capital. La question de droit portait sur la conformit\u00e9 de son objet aux conditions mat\u00e9rielles pos\u00e9es par l’article 11 de la Constitution. Le Conseil a jug\u00e9 que la proposition ne portait pas sur une r\u00e9forme relative \u00e0 la politique sociale et ne satisfaisait donc pas aux conditions requises.<\/p>\n

I. L’absence de changement de l’\u00e9tat du droit sur l’\u00e2ge de la retraite<\/p>\n

Le Conseil a d’abord examin\u00e9 la disposition fixant l’\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal de la retraite \u00e0 soixante-deux ans. Il a constat\u00e9 que le droit en vigueur pr\u00e9voyait d\u00e9j\u00e0 cet \u00e2ge, rendant la proposition sans effet normatif imm\u00e9diat. “\u00c0 la date d\u2019enregistrement de la saisine, l\u2019interdiction de fixer l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal de d\u00e9part \u00e0 la retraite au-del\u00e0 de soixante-deux ans n\u2019emporte donc pas de changement de l\u2019\u00e9tat du droit”<\/em> (cons. 8). La valeur de ce constat est de rappeler que le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum d’initiative partag\u00e9e ne peut servir \u00e0 confirmer le droit existant.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil a \u00e9galement \u00e9cart\u00e9 l’argument selon lequel le caract\u00e8re r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire ou le plafond contraignant conf\u00e9rerait un changement \u00e0 la proposition. Il affirme que le l\u00e9gislateur peut toujours modifier les lois ant\u00e9rieures, qu’elles soient vot\u00e9es ou r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaires. “Ainsi, ni la circonstance que les dispositions de cette proposition de loi seraient adopt\u00e9es par voie de r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum ni le fait qu\u2019elles fixeraient un plafond contraignant pour le l\u00e9gislateur ne permettent davantage de consid\u00e9rer qu\u2019elles apportent un changement de l\u2019\u00e9tat du droit”<\/em> (cons. 9). La port\u00e9e de ce raisonnement est de limiter strictement la notion de “r\u00e9forme”<\/em> \u00e0 une modification effective de l’ordonnancement juridique.<\/p>\n

II. L’absence de qualification de r\u00e9forme sociale pour la mesure fiscale<\/p>\n

Le Conseil a ensuite analys\u00e9 la seconde mesure, qui augmentait le taux de la contribution sociale g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e sur les revenus du capital. Il a jug\u00e9 que cette mesure avait pour seul effet d’abonder le budget d’une branche de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale. “Elle a ainsi pour seul effet d\u2019abonder le budget d\u2019une branche de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale en augmentant le taux applicable \u00e0 une fraction de l\u2019assiette d\u2019une imposition existante”<\/em> (cons. 10). La valeur de cette analyse est de distinguer une simple mesure de financement d’une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9forme de la politique sociale.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, le Conseil a estim\u00e9 que la proposition de loi ne portait pas sur une r\u00e9forme relative \u00e0 la politique sociale au sens de l’article 11 de la Constitution. “Il r\u00e9sulte de tout ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de que la proposition de loi ne porte pas, au sens de l\u2019article 11 de la Constitution, sur une r\u00e9forme relative \u00e0 la politique sociale”<\/em> (cons. 11). La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est de pr\u00e9ciser que l’objet du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum d’initiative partag\u00e9e doit constituer une r\u00e9forme substantielle, et non une simple modification technique ou budg\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Conseil constitutionnel a rendu une d\u00e9cision majeure le 3 mai 2023, dans le cadre du contr\u00f4le a priori d’une proposition de loi r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire. La…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6387,6454],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-797970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence-constitutionnelle","category-decisions-juridiques"],"yoast_head":"\nConseil constitutionnel, le 3 mai 2023, n\u00b02023-5 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Conseil constitutionnel a rendu une d\u00e9cision majeure le 3 mai 2023, dans le cadre du contr\u00f4le a priori d'une proposition de loi r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire. 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