{"id":797971,"date":"2026-05-01T06:04:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T04:04:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/conseil-constitutionnel-le-21-avril-2023-n2023-1046\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T06:04:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T04:04:11","slug":"conseil-constitutionnel-le-21-avril-2023-n2023-1046","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/en\/conseil-constitutionnel-le-21-avril-2023-n2023-1046\/","title":{"rendered":"Conseil constitutionnel, le 21 avril 2023, n\u00b02023-1046"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le Conseil constitutionnel a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2023 d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9e par la Cour de cassation. Le requ\u00e9rant contestait la conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Constitution des dispositions du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale relatives aux perquisitions et saisies. Il soutenait que ces textes \u00e9taient entach\u00e9s d’incomp\u00e9tence n\u00e9gative affectant le principe de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs, notamment en l’absence de garanties sp\u00e9cifiques pour les perquisitions dans les locaux d’un minist\u00e8re. La question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9 portait sur le quatri\u00e8me alin\u00e9a de l’article 96 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale. Le Conseil constitutionnel a jug\u00e9 cette disposition conforme \u00e0 la Constitution dans sa d\u00e9cision du 21 avril 2023.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 du grief d’incomp\u00e9tence n\u00e9gative.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil constitutionnel rappelle que la m\u00e9connaissance par le l\u00e9gislateur de sa comp\u00e9tence ne peut \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9e que si elle affecte un droit ou une libert\u00e9 constitutionnellement garanti. Il applique cette r\u00e8gle de mani\u00e8re stricte au grief soulev\u00e9 par le requ\u00e9rant.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e du principe de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs en QPC.<\/p>\n

Le juge constitutionnel distingue l’invocabilit\u00e9 du principe de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs selon la saisine. Ce principe peut fonder un contr\u00f4le a priori mais sa m\u00e9connaissance ne peut \u00eatre utilement invoqu\u00e9e dans le cadre d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9. Il pr\u00e9cise que cette impossibilit\u00e9 est conditionn\u00e9e \u00e0 l’absence d’atteinte par elle-m\u00eame \u00e0 un droit ou une libert\u00e9 constitutionnellement prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L’absence d’affectation d’un droit ou d’une libert\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil \u00e9carte le grief en constatant que l’incomp\u00e9tence n\u00e9gative all\u00e9gu\u00e9e n’affecte aucun droit ou libert\u00e9 que la Constitution garantit. Il v\u00e9rifie ensuite qu’aucun autre droit ou libert\u00e9 n’est m\u00e9connu par les dispositions contest\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9claration de conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Constitution.<\/p>\n

En l’absence de tout autre grief fond\u00e9, le Conseil constitutionnel d\u00e9clare le quatri\u00e8me alin\u00e9a de l’article 96 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale conforme \u00e0 la Constitution. Cette solution confirme la difficult\u00e9 d’invoquer utilement le principe de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs dans le cadre d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La valeur de l’interpr\u00e9tation restrictive de l’article 61-1.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil constitutionnel r\u00e9affirme sa jurisprudence constante limitant les griefs op\u00e9rants en mati\u00e8re de question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9. Il rappelle que le principe de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs, bien que fondamental, ne constitue pas un droit ou une libert\u00e9 au sens de l’article 61-1 de la Constitution. Cette d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise la place de ce principe dans le contr\u00f4le concret des lois.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision pour les justiciables.<\/p>\n

La solution adopt\u00e9e par le Conseil constitutionnel restreint les voies de recours contre les dispositions l\u00e9gislatives encadrant les perquisitions. Les justiciables ne pourront plus invoquer la seule violation du principe de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs pour contester ces mesures. Seul un grief affectant directement un droit ou une libert\u00e9 constitutionnellement garanti serait d\u00e9sormais recevable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Conseil constitutionnel a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2023 d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9e par la Cour de cassation. Le requ\u00e9rant…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9707,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"cc","_kj_official_id":"CONSTEXT000047529911","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/decision\/2023\/20231046QPC.htm","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"Conseil constitutionnel","_kj_lieu":"Paris","_kj_chambre":"QPC","_kj_rg":"2023-1046","_kj_date":"2023-04-21","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6387,6454],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-797971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence-constitutionnelle","category-decisions-juridiques"],"yoast_head":"\nConseil constitutionnel, le 21 avril 2023, n\u00b02023-1046 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Conseil constitutionnel a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2023 d'une question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9e par la Cour de cassation. 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