{"id":605016,"date":"2026-04-19T12:40:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-19T10:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-rouen-le-6-octobre-2025-n25-00586\/"},"modified":"2026-04-19T12:40:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T10:40:52","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-rouen-le-6-octobre-2025-n25-00586","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-rouen-le-6-octobre-2025-n25-00586\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Rouen, le 6 octobre 2025, n\u00b025\/00586"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en premier ressort le 6 octobre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une action en paiement engag\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. L’affaire concernait le d\u00e9faut de paiement dans le cadre d’un contrat de location avec option d’achat. Le juge a relev\u00e9 d’office la question de la forclusion et a statu\u00e9 sur le fond en l’absence du d\u00e9fendeur. Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la demande recevable et a condamn\u00e9 l’emprunteur d\u00e9faillant au paiement du solde de la cr\u00e9ance, tout en d\u00e9boutant le pr\u00eateur de sa demande sur le fondement de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de forclusion<\/p>\n

Le juge pr\u00e9cise d’abord les conditions d’application du d\u00e9lai forclusif protecteur de l’emprunteur. L’article R. 312-35 du code de la consommation impose un d\u00e9lai de deux ans pour agir \u00e0 compter de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur. Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par “le premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9” (Motifs, Sur la recevabilit\u00e9). Le juge en d\u00e9duit une r\u00e8gle d’imputation essentielle pour identifier cet incident initial. Il rappelle que les paiements post\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme, qui rend exigible l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la dette, “n\u2019ont pas pour effet de r\u00e9gulariser les \u00e9ch\u00e9ances ant\u00e9rieures impay\u00e9es” (Motifs, Sur la recevabilit\u00e9). Cette interpr\u00e9tation stricte prot\u00e8ge l’emprunteur contre une prolongation indue du d\u00e9lai. Elle ancre le point de d\u00e9part dans un fait objectif et unique, emp\u00eachant toute ren\u00e9gociation tacite de la dette. La port\u00e9e de cette solution est significative pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des parties. Elle offre une lecture claire et pr\u00e9visible de l’article R. 312-35, facilitant son application par les praticiens. La valeur de cette analyse r\u00e9side dans sa conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du code de la consommation, qui vise \u00e0 encadrer strictement les actions en recouvrement.<\/p>\n

Le calcul de l’indemnit\u00e9 de r\u00e9siliation en location avec option d’achat<\/p>\n

Le juge d\u00e9taille ensuite le r\u00e9gime indemnitaire sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 la location avec option d’achat en cas de d\u00e9faillance. L’article L.312-40 du code de la consommation pr\u00e9voit une indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire dont le calcul est fix\u00e9 par d\u00e9cret. Le juge reproduit int\u00e9gralement les dispositions de l’article D.312-18, qui encadrent ce calcul de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9cise. Ce texte pr\u00e9voit notamment que “la valeur v\u00e9nale mentionn\u00e9e ci-dessus est celle obtenue par le bailleur s’il vend le bien restitu\u00e9 ou repris” (Motifs, Sur la demande en paiement). Il accorde aussi au locataire d\u00e9faillant une facult\u00e9 de pr\u00e9sentation d’un acqu\u00e9reur dans un d\u00e9lai de trente jours. Le sens de cette disposition est de concilier l’indemnisation du pr\u00eateur et la protection du consommateur contre une \u00e9valuation arbitraire. Le juge souligne le caract\u00e8re indemnitaire de cette somme, qui “a pour objet de r\u00e9parer le pr\u00e9judice subi par le loueur du fait de la rupture anticip\u00e9e” (Motifs, Sur la demande en paiement). Cette qualification \u00e9carte toute interpr\u00e9tation punitive et l’inscrit dans le droit commun de la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle. La port\u00e9e pratique est consid\u00e9rable, car elle s\u00e9curise la m\u00e9thode de calcul et impose une transparence sur la valeur v\u00e9nale retenue. La valeur de cette analyse est de garantir une application loyale du bar\u00e8me l\u00e9gal, pr\u00e9servant les droits de l’emprunteur tout en assurant au cr\u00e9ancier une r\u00e9paration effective de son pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en premier ressort le 6 octobre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une action en paiement engag\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6985491acdc6046d471f486b","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6985491acdc6046d471f486b","_kj_judilibre_id":"6985491acdc6046d471f486b","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Rouen","_kj_chambre":"Annexe Rue de Crosne","_kj_rg":"25\/00586","_kj_date":"2025-12-08","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-605016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Rouen, le 6 octobre 2025, n\u00b025\/00586 - 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L\u2019emprunteuse, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire du RSA lors de la souscription, oppose \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement financier un manquement \u00e0 ses obligations de conseil et de v\u00e9rification de sa\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-ibx3hNM2eMc-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-ibx3hNM2eMc-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-ibx3hNM2eMc-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-ibx3hNM2eMc-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-ibx3hNM2eMc-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-ibx3hNM2eMc-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/605016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=605016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/605016\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=605016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=605016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=605016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}